4D Tracking: Present Status and Perspective

Abstract

The past ten years have seen the advent of silicon-based precise timing detectors for charged particle tracking. The underlying reason for this evolution is a design innovation: the Low-Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD). In its simplicity, the LGAD design is an obvious step with momentous consequences: low gain leads to large signals maintaining sensors stability and low noise, allowing sensor segmentation. Albeit introduced for a different reason, to compensate for charge trapping in irradiated silicon sensors, LGAD found fertile ground in the design of silicon-based timing detectors. Spurred by this design innovation, solid-state-based timing detectors for charged particles are going through an intense phase of R&D, and hybrid and monolithic sensors, with or without internal gain, are being explored. This contribution offers a review of this booming field.

10 pages, 11 figures double column, VCI2022

References in corpus (7)

• Timing performance of small cell 3D silicon detectors
• The NA62 GigaTracKer: a low mass high intensity beam 4D tracker with 65 ps time resolution on tracks
• First application of machine learning algorithms to the position reconstruction in Resistive Silicon Detectors
• Efficiency and time resolution of monolithic silicon pixel detectors in SiGe BiCMOS technology
• Optimization of the Gain Layer Design of Ultra-Fast Silicon Detectors
• The CMS Precision Proton Spectrometer timing system: performance in Run 2, future upgrades and sensor radiation hardness studies
• Characterization of BNL and HPK AC-LGAD sensors with a 120 GeV proton beam

Cited by in corpus (6)

• Testbeam Results of the Picosecond Avalanche Detector Proof-Of-Concept Prototype
• 20 ps Time Resolution with a Fully-Efficient Monolithic Silicon Pixel Detector without Internal Gain Layer
• The DESY Digital Silicon Photomultiplier: Device Characteristics and First Test-Beam Results
• Results for pixel and strip centimeter-scale AC-LGAD sensors with a 120 GeV proton beam
• Intrinsic timing properties of ideal 3D-trench silicon sensor with fast front-end electronics
• Test Beam Characterization of a Digital Silicon Photomultiplier