Constraints on galaxy formation from the cosmic-far-infrared-background\,$-$\,optical-imaging cross-correlation using \textit{Herschel} and UNIONS

Abstract

Using {\it Herschel}-SPIRE imaging and the Canada-France Imaging Survey (CFIS) Low Surface Brightness data products from the Ultraviolet Near-Infrared Optical Northern Survey (UNIONS), we present a cross-correlation between the cosmic far-infrared background and cosmic optical background fluctuations. The cross-spectrum is measured for two cases: all galaxies are kept in the images; or all individually-detected galaxies are masked to produce `background' maps. We report the detection of the cross-correlation signal at $\gtrsim 18\sigma$ ($\gtrsim 14\sigma$ for the background map). The part of the optical brightness variations that are correlated with the submm emission translates to an rms brightness of $\simeq 32.5\mathrm{mag}{\mathrm{arcsec}}^{-2}$ in the $r$ band, a level normally unreachable for individual sources. A critical issue is determining what fraction of the cross-power spectrum might be caused by emission from Galactic cirrus. For one of the fields, the Galactic contamination is 10 times higher than the extragalactic signal; however, for the other fields, the contamination is around 20~per cent. An additional discriminant is that the cross-power spectrum is of the approximate form $P(k)\propto 1/k$, much shallower than that of Galactic cirrus. We interpret the results in a halo-model framework, which shows good agreement with independent measurements for the scalings of star-formation rates in galaxies. The approach presented in this study holds great promise for future surveys such as FYST/CCAT-prime combined with {\it Euclid} or the Vera Rubin Observatory (LSST), which will enable a detailed exploration of the evolution of star formation in galaxies.

40 pages, 26 figures, published in MNRAS

References in corpus (121)

• Maps of Dust IR Emission for Use in Estimation of Reddening and CMBR Foregrounds
• Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters
• A Universal Density Profile from Hierarchical Clustering
• Galactic Stellar and Substellar Initial Mass Function
• Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties
• The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE): Mission Description and Initial On-orbit Performance
• Measuring Reddening with SDSS Stellar Spectra and Recalibrating SFD
• The Global Schmidt Law in Star Forming Galaxies
• Herschel Space Observatory - An ESA facility for far-infrared and submillimetre astronomy
• The Herschel-SPIRE instrument and its in-flight performance
• Gaia Data Release 1. Summary of the astrometric, photometric, and survey properties
• Halo Models of Large Scale Structure
• Toward a halo mass function for precision cosmology: the limits of universality
• The Rockstar Phase-Space Temporal Halo Finder and the Velocity Offsets of Cluster Cores
• Galactic star formation and accretion histories from matching galaxies to dark matter haloes
• 3D-HST+CANDELS: The Evolution of the Galaxy Size-Mass Distribution since $z=3$
• A 3D Dust Map Based on Gaia, Pan-STARRS 1 and 2MASS
• Analytic model for galaxy and dark matter clustering
• GOODS-Herschel: an infrared main sequence for star-forming galaxies
• Interpreting the Cosmic Infrared Background: Constraints on the Evolution of the Dust Enshrouded Star Formation Rate
• Halo occupation numbers and galaxy bias
• The Large Scale Bias of Dark Matter Halos: Numerical Calibration and Model Tests
• Why your model parameter confidences might be too optimistic -- unbiased estimation of the inverse covariance matrix
• The Herschel view of the dominant mode of galaxy growth from z=4 to the present day
• Planck 2013 results. XI. All-sky model of thermal dust emission
• The Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey: HerMES
• Modeling Luminosity-Dependent Galaxy Clustering Through Cosmic Time
• The Cosmic Infrared Background: Measurements and Implications
• MASTER of the CMB Anisotropy Power Spectrum: A Fast Method for Statistical Analysis of Large and Complex CMB Data Sets
• The Spectrum of the Extragalactic Far Infrared Background from the COBE Firas Observations
• How do galaxies populate Dark Matter halos?
• The COBE Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment Search for the Cosmic Infrared Background: I. Limits and Detections
• How Many Galaxies Fit in a Halo? Constraints on Galaxy Formation Efficiency from Spatial Clustering
• The Herschel ATLAS
• The Evolving Interstellar Medium of Star Forming Galaxies Since z=2 as Probed by Their Infrared Spectral Energy Distributions
• The Cosmic Infrared Background Resolved by Spitzer. Contributions of Mid-Infrared Galaxies to the Far-Infrared Background
• The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Cosmological Parameters from the 2008 Power Spectra
• Turbulent molecular clouds
• Regularity underlying complexity: a redshift-independent description of the continuous variation of galaxy-scale molecular gas properties in the mass-star formation rate plane
• The size - virial radius relation of galaxies
• The fourth data release of the Kilo-Degree Survey: ugri imaging and nine-band optical-IR photometry over 1000 square degrees
• Planck 2013 results. XXX. Cosmic infrared background measurements and implications for star formation
• HerMES: The SPIRE confusion limit
• The contribution of starbursts and normal galaxies to infrared luminosity functions at z < 2
• Dusty Infrared Galaxies: Sources of the Cosmic Infrared Background
• Halo and Subhalo Demographics with Planck Cosmological Parameters: Bolshoi-Planck and MultiDark-Planck Simulations
• A unified empirical model for infrared galaxy counts based on observed physical evolution of distant galaxies
• HerMES: SPIRE galaxy number counts at 250, 350 and 500 microns
• Planck Early Results XVIII: The power spectrum of cosmic infrared background anisotropies
• MegaPipe: the MegaCam image stacking pipeline at the Canadian Astronomical Data Centre
• Tracing the first stars with cosmic infrared background fluctuations
• The Effelsberg-Bonn HI Survey: Milky Way gas. First data release
• The Evolution of Galaxy Number Density at z < 8 and its Implications
• Herschel-SPIRE observations of the Polaris flare : structure of the diffuse interstellar medium at the sub-parsec scale
• The impact of clustering and angular resolution on far-infrared and millimeter continuum observations
• BLAST: Resolving the Cosmic Submillimeter Background
• HerMES: Cosmic Infrared Background Anisotropies and the Clustering of Dusty Star-Forming Galaxies
• Planck intermediate results. XXIX. All-sky dust modelling with Planck, IRAS, and WISE observations
• The First Detections of the Extragalactic Background Light at 3000, 5500, and 8000A (I): Results
• Angular Power Spectra of the Millimeter Wavelength Background Light from Dusty Star-forming Galaxies with the South Pole Telescope
• The Herschel Stripe 82 Survey (HerS): Maps and Early Catalog
• BLAST: Correlations in the Cosmic Far-Infrared Background at 250, 350, and 500 microns Reveal Clustering of Star-Forming Galaxies
• Extra-galactic background light measurements from the far-UV to the far-IR from deep ground and space-based galaxy counts
• HerMES: dust attenuation and star formation activity in UV-selected samples from z~4 to z~1.5
• Cosmic Infrared Background and Early Galaxy Evolution
• Galaxy groups in the low-redshift Universe
• What Does Clustering Tell Us About the Buildup of the Red Sequence?
• KiDS+VIKING-450: A new combined optical & near-IR dataset for cosmology and astrophysics
• Sub-millimetre galaxies reside in dark matter halos with masses greater than 3x10^11 solar masses
• A Map of Dust Reddening to 4.5 kpc from Pan-STARRS1
• New measurements of the cosmic infrared background fluctuations in deep Spitzer/IRAC survey data and their cosmological implications
• The redshift-evolution of the distribution of star formation among dark matter halos as seen in the infrared
• The Canada-France Imaging Survey: First results from the u-band component
• Probing Early Structure Formation with Far-Infrared Background Correlations
• CCAT-prime Collaboration: Science Goals and Forecasts with Prime-Cam on the Fred Young Submillimeter Telescope
• Predictions for Cosmological Infrared Surveys from Space with the Multiband Imaging Photometer for SIRTF (MIPS)
• Correlated Anisotropies in the Cosmic Far-Infrared Background Detected by MIPS/Spitzer: Constraint on the Bias
• Cross-correlating cosmic IR and X-ray background fluctuations: evidence of significant black hole populations among the CIB sources
• Improved Models for Cosmic Infrared Background Anisotropies: New Constraints on the IR Galaxy Population
• Confusion in the infrared: Spitzer and beyond
• Statistical properties of dust far-infrared emission
• The SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey: The clustering of submillimetre galaxies in the UKIDSS UDS field
• Evolution of the atomic and molecular gas content of galaxies in dark matter haloes
• GHIGLS: HI mapping at intermediate Galactic latitude using the Green Bank Telescope
• AKARI observation of the fluctuation of the near-infrared background
• The Spectrum of the Universe
• Gaia DR3: Apsis III -- Non-stellar content and source classification
• HELP: A catalogue of 170 million objects, selected at 0.36-4.5 $\mu$m, from 1270 deg.${}^2$ of prime extragalactic fields
• A Full-sky, High-resolution Atlas of Galactic 12 micron Dust Emission with WISE
• New Horizons Observations of the Cosmic Optical Background
• Looking at cosmic near-infrared background radiation anisotropies
• The First Detections of the Extragalactic Background Light at 3000, 5500, and 8000A (III): Cosmological Implications
• Probing interstellar turbulence in cirrus with deep optical imaging: no sign of energy dissipation at 0.01 pc scale
• Constraints on the Cosmic Near Infrared Background Excess from NICMOS Deep Field Observations
• Clustering of sub-millimeter galaxies in a self-regulated baryon collapse model
• Inferring the mass of sub-millimetre galaxies by exploiting their gravitational magnification of background galaxies
• Modelling the correlation between the thermal Sunyaev Zel'dovich effect and the cosmic infrared background
• HerMES: SPIRE Science Demonstration Phase Maps
• Extragalactic Imprints in Galactic Dust Maps
• Large-scale Maps of the Cosmic Infrared Background from Planck
• Simple halo model formalism for the cosmic infrared background and its correlation with the thermal Sunyaev Zel'dovich effect
• On the cross-correlation of sub-mm sources and optically-selected galaxies
• DHIGLS: DRAO H I Intermediate Galactic Latitude Survey
• Direct Estimate of Cirrus Noise in Herschel Hi-GAL Images
• Confirming the Quiescent Galaxy Population out to $z=3$: A Stacking Analysis of Mid-, Far-Infrared and Radio Data
• Probing large scale coherence between Spitzer IR and Chandra X-ray source-subtracted cosmic backgrounds
• Cosmic Infrared Background Fluctuations in Deep Spitzer IRAC Images: Data Processing and Analysis
• IR Background Anisotropies in Spitzer GOODS images and constraints on first galaxies
• Modeling the evolution of infrared galaxies : clustering of galaxies in the Cosmic Infrared Background
• Correlations in the (Sub)millimeter background from ACTxBLAST
• Analysis of the diffuse near-IR emission from 2MASS deep integration data: foregrounds vs the cosmic infrared background
• The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Summary of DR4 and DR5 Data Products and Data Access
• AKARI Observation of the Sub-degree Scale Fluctuation of the Near-infrared Background
• Demonstrating the negligible contribution of optical ACS/HST galaxies to source-subtracted cosmic infrared background fluctuations in deep IRAC/Spitzer images
• Power Spectrum Analysis of Far-IR Background Fluctuations in 160 Micron Maps From the Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer
• HerMES: Current Cosmic Infrared Background Estimates Can be Explained by Known Galaxies and their Faint Companions at z < 4
• Cross-correlation between X-ray and optical/near-infrared background intensity fluctuations
• Fluctuation of the background sky in the Hubble Extremely Deep Field (XDF) and its origin
• Cross-Correlation of Near and Far-Infrared Background Anisotropies as Traced by Spitzer and Herschel
• Evidence for dust emission in the Warm Ionised Medium using WHAM data
• The Contribution of Faint Galaxy Wings to Source-subtracted Near-infrared Background Fluctuations

Cited by in corpus (5)

• Euclid. I. Overview of the Euclid mission
• Euclid: Early Release Observations -- Programme overview and pipeline for compact- and diffuse-emission photometry
• The Glow of Axion Quark Nugget Dark Matter: (I) Large Scale Structures
• Galaxies OBserved as Low-luminosity Identified Nebulae (GOBLIN): a catalog of 43,000 high-probability dwarf galaxy candidates in the UNIONS survey
• Quantitative Morphology of Galactic Cirrus in Deep Optical Imaging