Towards Probing the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background in All Flavors

Abstract

Fully understanding the average core-collapse supernova requires detecting the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB) in all flavors. While the DSNB ${\bar{\nu }}_e$ flux is near detection, and the DSNB ${\nu }_e$ flux has a good upper limit and prospects for improvement, the DSNB ${\nu }_x$ (each of ${\nu }_{\mu },{\nu }_{\tau },{\bar{\nu }}_{\mu },{\bar{\nu }}_{\tau }$) flux has a poor limit and heretofore had no clear path for improved sensitivity. We show that a succession of xenon-based dark matter detectors -- XENON1T (completed), XENONnT/LUX-ZEPLIN (running), and DARWIN (proposed) -- can dramatically improve sensitivity to DSNB ${\nu }_x$ the neutrino-nucleus coherent scattering channel. XENON1T could match the present sensitivity of $\sim 10^3{\mathrm{cm}}^{-2}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ per ${\nu }_x$ flavor, XENONnT/LUX-ZEPLIN would have linear improvement of sensitivity with exposure, and a long run of DARWIN could reach a flux sensitivity of $\sim 10{\mathrm{cm}}^{-2}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$. Together, these would also contribute to greatly improve bounds on non-standard scenarios. Ultimately, to reach the standard flux range of $\sim 1{\mathrm{cm}}^{-2}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$, even larger exposures will be needed, which we show may be possible with the series of proposed lead-based RES-NOVA detectors.

13 pages, 11 figures, 3 appendices. Minor clarifications added, matches version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D

References in corpus (30)

• The death of massive stars - I. Observational constraints on the progenitors of type II-P supernovae
• Observation of Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering
• DARWIN: towards the ultimate dark matter detector
• A new Generation of Standard Solar Models
• The Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background
• Fallback and Black Hole Production in Massive Stars
• The Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background is detectable in Super-Kamiokande
• The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment
• Improvement of low energy atmospheric neutrino flux calculation using the JAM nuclear interaction model
• Complementarity of dark matter detectors in light of the neutrino background
• The Search for Failed Supernovae with The Large Binocular Telescope: First Candidates
• Simultaneous Measurement of Ionization and Scintillation from Nuclear Recoils in Liquid Xenon as Target for a Dark Matter Experiment
• Core-collapse supernovae missed by optical surveys
• Search for Coherent Elastic Scattering of Solar ${}^8$B Neutrinos in the XENON1T Dark Matter Experiment
• SNEWS 2.0: A Next-Generation SuperNova Early Warning System for Multi-messenger Astronomy
• Diffuse neutrino flux from failed supernovae
• The Core Collapse Supernova Rate from the SDSS-II Supernova Survey
• Dark matter sterile neutrinos in stellar collapse: alteration of energy/lepton number transport and a mechanism for supernova explosion enhancement
• Supernova bound on keV-mass sterile neutrinos reexamined
• Nuclear recoil energy scale in liquid xenon with application to the direct detection of dark matter
• Getting the Most from Detection of Galactic Supernova Neutrinos in Future Large Liquid-Scintillator Detectors
• Supernova Signatures of Neutrino Mass Ordering
• Can Solar Neutrinos be a Serious Background in Direct Dark Matter Searches?
• Spectrum of the Supernova Relic Neutrino Background and Metallicity Evolution of Galaxies
• Heavy sterile neutrino emission in core-collapse supernovae: Constraints and signatures
• Sterile neutrino oscillations in core-collapse supernovae
• On `On the Red Supergiant Problem': a rebuttal, and a consensus on the upper mass cutoff for II-P progenitors
• Impact of binary interactions on the diffuse supernova neutrino background
• Performance and Fundamental Processes at Low Energy in a Two-Phase Liquid Xenon Dark Matter Detector
• Probing Late Neutrino Mass Properties with Supernova Neutrinos

Cited by in corpus (1)

• Prospects for the detection of the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background with the experiments SK-Gd and JUNO