Low Radioactive Material Screening and Background Control for the PandaX-4T Experiment

Abstract

PandaX-4T is a ton-scale dark matter direct detection experiment using a dual-phase TPC technique at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory. Various ultra-low background technologies have been developed and applied to material screening for PandaX-4T, including HPGe gamma spectroscopy, ICP-MS, NAA, radon emanation measurement system, krypton assay station, and alpha detection system. Low background materials were selected to assemble the detector. Surface treatment procedures were investigated to further suppress radioactive background. Combining measured results and Monte Carlo simulation, the total material background rates of PandaX-4T in the energy region of 1-25 keV${}_{\mathrm{ee}}$ are estimated to be (9.9 $\pm$ 1.9) $\times 10^{-3}$ mDRU for electron recoil and (2.8 $\pm$ 0.6) $\times 10^{-4}$ mDRU for nuclear recoil. In addition, ${}^{nat}$Kr in the detector is estimated to be <8 ppt.

arXiv comment19 pages, 7 figures, 12 tables

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• Measurement of Double Beta Decay Half-life of ${}^{136}$Xe with the PandaX-4T Detector
• Exploring New Physics with PandaX-4T Low Energy Electronic Recoil Data
• Measurement of ambient radon progeny decay rates and energy spectra in liquid argon using the MicroBooNE detector
• Search for Light Dark Matter with 259-day data in PandaX-4T
• Searching for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay of ${}^{136}$Xe with PandaX-4T
• Production and characterization of a ${}^{222}$Rn-emanating stainless steel source
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• A Novel Low-Background Photomultiplier Tube Developed for Xenon Based Detectors
• Development of High-Sensitivity Radon Emanation Measurement Systems with Surface Treatment Optimization
• Design Challenges for a Future Liquid Xenon Observatory
• Suppression of accidental backgrounds with deep neural networks in the PandaX-II experiment
• Precise ${}^{136}$Xe Double Beta Decay Measurement in PandaX-4T with Implications on the Nuclear Matrix Elements and Majorons
• Design and Experimental Application of a Radon Diffusion Chamber for Determining Diffusion Coefficients in Membrane Materials