Universal minimal cost of coherent biochemical oscillations

Abstract

Biochemical clocks are essential for virtually all living systems. A biochemical clock that is isolated from an external periodic signal and subjected to fluctuations can oscillate coherently only for a finite number of oscillations. Furthermore, such an autonomous clock can oscillate only if it consumes free energy. What is the minimum amount of free energy consumption required for a certain number of coherent oscillations? We conjecture a universal bound that answers this question. A system that oscillates coherently for $\mathcal{N}$ oscillations has a minimal free energy cost per oscillation of $4{\pi }^2\mathcal{N}{k}_{B}T$. Our bound is valid for general finite Markov processes, is conjectured based on extensive numerical evidence, is illustrated with numerical simulations of a known model for a biochemical oscillator, and applies to existing experimental data.

arXiv comment4 pages, 3 figures

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