Did the Event Horizon Telescope Detect the Base of the Sub-Milliarsecond Tubular Jet in M\,87?

Abstract

A high sensitivity, 7mm Very Long Baseline Array image of M\,87 was previously analyzed in order to estimate the bulk flow jet velocity between 0.4 and 0.65 mas from the point of origin using the asymmetry between the well-characterized double-ridged counter-jet (unique to this image) and the double ridged jet. We use this same image to estimate the cross-sectional area of this tubular stream. The velocity, acceleration, cross-sectional area and flux density along this stream determines a unique, perfect magnetohydrodynamic jet solution that satisfies, conservation of energy, angular momentum and mass (a monotonic conversion of Poynting flux to kinetic energy flux along the jet). The solution is protonic and magnetically dominated. The bilateral jet transports $\approx 1.2\times 10^{-4}{M}_{\odot }/\mathrm{yr}$ and $\approx 1.1\times 10^{42}$ erg/sec, placing strong constraints on the central engine. A Keplerian disk source that also produces the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) annulus of emission can supply the energy and mass if the vertical magnetic field at the equator is $\sim 1-3.5$ G (depending on location). A Parker spiral magnetic field, characteristic of a wind or jet, is consistent with the observed EHT polarization pattern. Even though there is no image of the jet connecting with the annulus, it is argued that these circumstances are not coincidental and the polarized portion of the EHT emission is mainly jet emission in the top layers of the disk that is diluted by emission from an underlying turbulent disk. This is a contributing factor to the relatively low polarization levels that were detected.

To appear in ApJ Letters

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Cited by in corpus (4)

• Hybrid mapping of the Black Hole Shadow in M87
• Chaotic magnetic disconnections trigger flux eruptions in accretion flows channeled onto magnetically saturated Kerr black holes
• The Details of Limb Brightening Reveal the Structure of the Base of the Jet in M\,87 for the First Time
• HST-1 as a Window to the Energetics of the Jet Spine of M87