Transient obscuration event captured in NGC~3227 II. Warm absorbers and obscuration events in archival XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observations

Abstract

The relation between warm absorber (WA) outflows of AGN and nuclear obscuration activities caused by optically-thick clouds (obscurers) crossing the line of sight is unclear. NGC 3227 is a suitable target to study the properties of both WAs and obscurers, because it matches the following selection criteria: WAs in both ultraviolet (UV) and X-rays, suitably variable, bright in UV and X-rays, good archival spectra for comparing with the obscured spectra. To investigate WAs and obscurers of NGC~3227, we used a broadband spectral-energy-distribution model built in our Paper I and the photoionization code of SPEX software to fit archival XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observations in 2006 and 2016. Using unobscured observations, we find four WAs with different ionization states (log$\xi$ [erg cm/s]~-1.0, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0). The highest-ionization WA has a higher hydrogen column density (~$10^{22}$/cm${}^2$) than the other three WAs (~$10^{21}$/cm${}^2$). Their outflow velocities range from 100 to 1300 km/s, and show a positive correlation with the ionization parameter. These WAs are estimated to be between the outer broad-line-region (BLR) and the narrow line region. Besides, we find an X-ray obscuration event in 2006, which was missed by previous studies. It can be explained by a single obscurer. We also study the previously published obscuration event in 2016, which needs two obscurers in the fit. A high-ionization obscurer (log$\xi$~2.80; covering factor $C_f$~30%) only appears in 2016, which has a high column density (~$10^{23}$/cm${}^2$). A low-ionization obscurer (log$\xi$~1.0-1.9; $C_f$~20%-50%) exists in both 2006 and 2016, which has a lower column density (~$10^{22}$/cm${}^2$). These obscurers are estimated to be in the BLR by their crossing time of transverse motions. The obscurers and WAs of NGC 3227 have different distances and number densities, which indicate that they might have different origins.

arXiv comment12 pages, 6 figures, 6 tables; accepted by A&A

References in corpus (61)

• Dynamics of line-driven disk winds in Active Galactic Nuclei
• AGN Black Hole Masses and Bolometric Luminosities
• AGN Dusty Tori: II. Observational Implications of Clumpiness
• A Structure for Quasars
• Powerful Outflows and Feedback from Active Galactic Nuclei
• Evidence for ultra-fast outflows in radio-quiet AGNs: I - detection and statistical incidence of Fe K-shell absorption lines
• AGN Dusty Tori: I. Handling of Clumpy Media
• An X-ray spectral study of 24 type-1 AGN
• Dynamics of Line-Driven Disk Winds in Active Galactic Nuclei II: Effects of Disk Radiation
• Dust Emission from Active Galactic Nuclei
• A Catalog of Broad Absorption Line Quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Third Data Release
• A Catalog of Broad Absorption Line Quasars in Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 5
• The nature and origin of Seyfert warm absorbers
• The AGN Black Hole Mass Database
• Unification of X-ray winds in Seyfert galaxies: from ultra-fast outflows to warm absorbers
• XMM-Newton EPIC observations of 21 low-redshift PG quasars
• Occultation measurement of the size of the X-ray emitting region in the Active Galactic Nucleus of NGC 1365
• A fast and long-lived outflow from the supermassive black hole in NGC 5548
• Torus and AGN properties of nearby Seyfert galaxies: Results from fitting IR spectral energy distributions and spectroscopy
• First X-ray-Based Statistical Tests for Clumpy-Torus Models: Eclipse Events from 230 Years of Monitoring of Seyfert AGN
• On the use of C-stat in testing models for X-ray spectra
• The Compact, Conical, Accretion-Disk Warm Absorber of the Seyfert 1 Galaxy NGC 4051 and its Implications for IGM-Galaxy Feedback Processes
• Evidence for ultra-fast outflows in radio-quiet AGNs: III - location and energetics
• Observable Properties of X-ray Heated Winds in AGN: Warm Reflectors and Warm Absorbers
• Ionized outflows from active galactic nuclei as the essential elements of feedback
• MHD Accretion-Disk Winds as X-ray Absorbers in AGNs
• Diverse Broad Line Region Kinematic Signatures From Reverberation Mapping
• Warm absorbers in X-rays (WAX), a comprehensive high resolution grating spectral study of a sample of Seyfert galaxies: I. A global view and frequency of occurrence of warm absorbers
• The long term X-ray spectral variability of AGN
• XMM-Newton study of the complex and variable spectrum of NGC 4051
• Warm absorbers in active galactic nuclei
• Systematic comparison of photoionised plasma codes with application to spectroscopic studies of AGN in X-rays
• An Expanded RXTE Survey of X-ray Variability in Seyfert 1 Galaxies
• Long-term variability of AGN at hard X-rays
• NuSTAR and XMM-Newton Observations of NGC 1365: Extreme Absorption Variability and a Constant Inner Accretion Disk
• Chasing obscuration in type-I AGN: discovery of an eclipsing clumpy wind at the outer broad-line region of NGC 3783
• An absorption event in the X-ray lightcurve of NGC 3227
• The rise of an ionized wind in the Narrow Line Seyfert 1 Galaxy Mrk 335 observed by XMM-Newton and HST
• Dynamics of Warm-Absorbing Gas in Seyfert Galaxies: NGC 5548
• A Comprehensive X-ray Spectral Analysis of the Seyfert 1.5 NGC 3227
• The nuclear environment of the NLS1 Mrk 335: obscuration of the X-ray line emission by a variable outflow
• The Multi-Layer Variable Absorbers in NGC 1365 Revealed by XMM-Newton and NuSTAR
• Space Telescope and Optical Reverberation Mapping Project. VIII. Time Variability of Emission and Absorption in NGC 5548 Based on Modeling the Ultraviolet Spectrum
• Thermally driven wind as the origin of warm absorbers in AGN
• A Suzaku, NuSTAR, and XMM-Newton view on variable absorption and relativistic reflection in NGC 4151
• Anatomy of the AGN in NGC 5548. VI. Long-term variability of the warm absorber
• Discovery of a fast, broad, transient outflow in NGC 985
• A rapid occultation event in NGC 3227
• Recurring obscuration in NGC 3783
• HST/COS observations of the newly discovered obscuring outflow in NGC 3783
• Parameterization of the level-resolved radiative recombination rate coefficients for the SPEX code
• Incoherent fast variability of X-ray obscurers. The case of NGC 3783
• Anatomy of the AGN in NGC 5548 IX. Photoionized emission features in the soft X-ray spectra
• A Variable-Density Absorption Event in NGC 3227 mapped with Suzaku and Swift
• The X-ray/UV absorber in NGC 4593
• Transient obscuration event captured in NGC 3227. I. Continuum model for the broadband spectral energy distribution
• Multi-wavelength Campaign on NGC 7469 VI. Photoionisation Modelling of the Emission Line Regions and the Warm Absorber
• Classifying AGN by X-ray Hardness Variability
• X-ray dips in the Seyfert Galaxy Fairall 9: Compton-thick "comets" or a failed radio galaxy?
• Combined Analysis of X-Ray Spectra of NGC 3227
• The dynamics of the broad-line region in NGC 3227

Cited by in corpus (13)

• TPHO: a time-dependent photoionisation model for AGN outflows
• The fundamental plane of black hole activity for low-luminosity radio active galactic nuclei across 1 < z < 4
• Transient obscuration event captured in NGC 3227. I. Continuum model for the broadband spectral energy distribution
• Scientific Objectives of the Hot Universe Baryon Surveyor (HUBS) Mission
• Multi-wavelength observations of the obscuring wind in the radio-quiet quasar MR 2251-178
• Transient obscuration event captured in NGC 3227 III. Photoionization modeling of the X-ray obscuration event in 2019
• Strong and Rapid X-ray Variability of the Super-Eddington Accreting Quasar SDSS J081456.10+532533.5
• Dimming of Continuum Captured in Mrk 841: New Clues on the Nature of the Soft X-ray Excess
• Density profile of ambient circumnuclear medium in Seyfert 1 galaxies
• Transient obscuration event captured in NGC 3227 IV. Origin of the obscuring cloud variability
• A Systematic Search for X-ray Eclipse Events in Active Galactic Nuclei Observed by Swift
• X-ray Unveiling Events in a z~1.6 Active Galactic Nucleus in the 7 Ms Chandra Deep Field-South
• Warm absorber outflows in radio-loud active galactic nucleus 3C~59