Collisional losses of ultracold molecules due to intermediate complex formation

Abstract

Understanding the sources of losses and chemical reactions of ultracold alkali-metal molecules is among the critical elements needed for their application in precision measurements and quantum technologies. Recent experiments with nonreactive systems have reported unexpectedly large loss rates, posing a challenge for theoretical explanation. Here, we examine the dynamics of intermediate four-atom complexes formed in bimolecular collisions. We calculate the nuclear spin--rotation, spin--spin, and quadrupole coupling constants for bialkali tetramers using ab intio quantum-chemical methods. We show that the nuclear spin--spin and quadrupole couplings are strong enough to couple different rotational manifolds to increase the density of states and lifetimes of the collision complexes, which is consistent with experimental results. We propose further experiments to confirm our predictions.

6 pages, 3 plots

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• Ultracold Sticky Collisions: Theoretical and Experimental Status
• Diatomic molecules of alkali-metal and alkaline-earth-metal atoms: interaction potentials, dipole moments, and polarizabilities
• Hyperfine-to-rotational energy transfer in ultracold atom-molecule collisions
• Two-photon optical shielding of collisions between ultracold polar molecules
• Symmetry breaking in sticky collisions between ultracold molecules
• Chemical reactions of ultracold alkaline-earth-metal diatomic molecules
• Ultracold molecular collisions in magnetic fields: Efficient incorporation of hyperfine structure in the total rotational angular momentum representation
• Ultracold Interactions between Ions and Polar Molecules
• Reformulating Chemical Equilibrium in Reacting Quantum Gas Mixtures: Particle Number Conservation, Correlations and Fluctuations
• Charge Exchange Dynamics in Cold Collisions of ${}^{40}$CaH${}^{+}$ and ${}^{39}$K