Ionizing radiation from AGNs at z>3.3 with the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey and the CFHT Large Area U-band Deep Survey (CLAUDS)

Abstract

We use deep and wide imaging data from the CFHT Large Area U-band Deep Survey (CLAUDS) and the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-SSP) to constrain the ionizing radiation (Lyman Continuum; LyC) escape fraction from AGNs at $z\sim 3-4$. For 94 AGNs with spectroscopic redshifts at $3.3<z<4.0$, we use their U-band / i-band flux ratios to estimate LyC transmission of individual AGNs. The distribution of their LyC transmission shows values lower than the range of LyC transmission values for IGM of the same redshift range, which suggests that LyC escape fraction of AGNs at $z>3.3$ is considerably lower than unity in most cases. We do not find any trend in LyC transmission values depending on their UV luminosities. Based on the photometry of stacked images we find the average flux ratio of LyC and non-ionizing UV photons escaping from the objects $(f_{LyC}/f_{UV}{)}^{out}=0.182\pm 0.043$ for AGNs at $3.3<z<3.6$, which corresponds to LyC escape fraction $f_{esc}=0.303\pm 0.072$ if we assume a fiducial intrinsic SED of AGN. Based on the estimated LyC escape fraction and the UV luminosity function of AGNs, we argue that UV-selected AGNs' contribution to the LyC emissivity at the epoch is minor, although the size of their contribution largely depends on the shape of the UV luminosity function.

19 pages, 12 figures. Accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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• AGN ruled out as the dominant source of cosmic reionization
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