Radiation GRMHD simulations of M87: funnel properties and prospects for gap acceleration

Abstract

We use the public code ebhlight to carry out 3D radiative general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (GRMHD) simulations of accretion onto the supermassive black hole in M87. The simulations self-consistently evolve a frequency-dependent Monte Carlo description of the radiation field produced by the accretion flow. We explore two limits of accumulated magnetic flux at the black hole (SANE and MAD), each coupled to several sub-grid prescriptions for electron heating that are motivated by models of turbulence and magnetic reconnection. We present convergence studies for the radiation field and study its properties. We find that the near-horizon photon energy density is an order of magnitude higher than is predicted by simple isotropic estimates from the observed luminosity. The radially dependent photon momentum distribution is anisotropic and can be modeled by a set of point-sources near the equatorial plane. We draw properties of the radiation and magnetic field from the simulation and feed them into an analytic model of gap acceleration to estimate the very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray luminosity from the magnetized jet funnel, assuming that a gap is able to form. We find luminosities of $\sim 10^{41}\mathrm{erg}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ for MAD models and $\sim 2\times 10^{40}\mathrm{erg}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ for SANE models, which are comparable to measurements of M87's VHE flares. The time-dependence seen in our calculations is insufficient to explain the flaring behavior. Our results provide a step towards bridging theoretical models of near-horizon properties seen in black hole images with the VHE activity of M87.

16 pages, 17 figures, Accepted for publication by MNRAS

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• Physics of Pair Producing Gaps in Black Hole Magnetospheres: Two Dimensional General Relativistic Particle-in-cell Simulations
• Deep learning inference with the Event Horizon Telescope II. The Zingularity framework for Bayesian artificial neural networks
• Double flows anchored in a Kerr black hole horizon. I. Meridionally self-similar MHD models with loading terms
• PATOKA: Simulating Electromagnetic Observables of Black Hole Accretion