ORion Alma New GEneration Survey (ORANGES) I. Dust continuum and free-free emission of OMC-2/3 filament protostars

Abstract

The spectral energy distribution (SED) in the millimetre (mm) to centimetre (cm) range is a useful tool for characterising the dust in protostellar envelopes as well as free-free emission from the protostar and outflow. While many studies have been carried out towards low- and high-mass protostars, little exists so far about solar-type protostars in high-mass star-forming regions, which are likely to be representatives of the conditions where the Solar System was born. We focus here on the OMC-2/3 solar-type protostars, which are bounded by nearby HII regions and which are, therefore, potentially affected by the high-UV illumination. We aim to understand whether the small-scale structure ($\le$1000 au) and the evolutionary status of these solar-type protostars are affected by the nearby HII regions, as is the case for the large-scale ($\le$10${}^4$ au) gas chemical composition. We used ALMA in the 1.3 mm band (246.2 GHz) to image the continuum of 16 OMC-2/3 solar-type protostars, with an angular resolution of 0.25${}^{\prime \prime }$ (100 au). We completed our data with archival data from the VANDAM survey of Orion Protostars at 333 and 32.9 GHz, respectively, to construct the dust SED, extract several dust parameters and to assess whether free-free emission is contaminating their dust SED in the cm range. From the mm to cm range dust SED, we found low dust emissivity spectral indexes ($\beta <1$) for the majority of our source sample and free-free emission towards only 5 of the 16 sample sources. We were also able to confirm or correct the evolutionary status of the source sample. Finally, we did not find any dependence of the source dust parameters on their location in the OMC-2/3 filament. Our results show that the small-scale dust properties of the OMC-2/3 protostars are not affected by the high- UV illumination from the nearby HII regions.

30 pages, 14 figures, Accepted for publication in A&A

References in corpus (29)

• MAMBO Mapping of Spitzer c2d Small Clouds and Cores
• The evolution of amorphous hydrocarbons in the ISM: dust modelling from a new vantage point
• The VLA/ALMA Nascent Disk and Multiplicity (VANDAM) Survey of Orion Protostars. A Statistical Characterization of Class 0 and I Protostellar Disks
• Far-infrared to millimeter astrophysical dust emission I: A model based on physical properties of amorphous solids
• The anomalously low (sub)millimeter spectral indices of some protoplanetary disks may be explained by dust self-scattering
• Grain growth in the envelopes and disks of Class I protostars
• Characterizing the nature of embedded young stellar objects through silicate, ice and millimeter observations
• The Evolution of the Multiplicity of Embedded Protostars I: Sample Properties and Binary Detections
• Multiple protostellar systems. II. A high resolution near-infrared imaging survey in nearby star-forming regions
• The Evolution of the Multiplicity of Embedded Protostars II: Binary Separation Distribution & Analysis
• Low dust emissivities and radial variations in the envelopes of Class 0 protostars: a signature of early grain growth?
• The formation of the solar system
• Millimeter- and Submillimeter-Wave Observations of the OMC-2/3 Region. III. An Extensive Survey for Molecular Outflows
• Probing changes of dust properties along a chain of solar-type prestellar and protostellar cores in Taurus with NIKA
• Molecular line emission from a protoplanetary disk irradiated externally by a nearby massive star
• Evidence for Large Grains in the Star-forming Filament OMC-2/3
• The Detection and Characterization of cm Radio Continuum Emission from the Low-mass Protostar L1014-IRS
• Characterizing the Youngest Herschel-detected Protostars I. Envelope Structure Revealed by CARMA Dust Continuum Observations
• Substructure Formation in a Protostellar Disk of L1527 IRS
• The VLA/ALMA Nascent Disk and Multiplicity (VANDAM) Survey of Orion Protostars I. Identifying and Characterizing the Protostellar Content of the OMC2-FIR4 and OMC2-FIR3 Regions
• Nobeyama 45-m Mapping Observations toward Orion A.I. Molecular Outflows
• The CARMA-NRO Orion Survey: Protostellar Outflows, Energetics, and Filamentary Alignment
• The VLA Nascent Disk And Multiplicity Survey of Perseus Protostars (VANDAM). III. Extended Radio Emission from Protostars in Perseus
• Characterizing the Youngest Herschel-detected Protostars II. Molecular Outflows from the Millimeter and the Far-infrared
• Warm millimetre dust in protoplanetary discs near massive stars
• On the nature of the compact sources in IRAS 16293-2422 seen in at centimeter to sub-millimeter wavelengths
• Probing the structure of a massive filament: ArTeMiS 350 and 450 micron mapping of the integral-shaped filament in Orion A
• Systematic errors in dust mass determinations: Insights from laboratory opacity measurements
• A possible far-ultraviolet flux-dependent core mass function in NGC 6357

Cited by in corpus (3)

• Filament Formation via Collision-induced Magnetic Reconnection -- Formation of a Star Cluster
• From small dust to micron-sized aggregates: the influence of structure and composition on the dust optical properties
• The chemical nature of Orion protostars: Are ORANGES different from PEACHES? ORANGES II