Constraining Cluster Virialization Mechanism and Cosmology using Thermal-SZ-selected clusters from Future CMB Surveys

Abstract

We forecast the number of galaxy clusters that can be detected via the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (tSZ) signals by future cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments, primarily the wide area survey of the CMB-S4 experiment but also CMB-S4's smaller delensing survey and the proposed CMB-HD experiment. We predict that CMB-S4 will detect 75,000 clusters with its wide survey of $f_{\mathrm{sky}}$ = 50% and 14,000 clusters with its deep survey of $f_{\mathrm{sky}}$ = 3%. Of these, approximately 1350 clusters will be at $z\ge 2$, a regime that is difficult to probe by optical or X-ray surveys. We assume CMB-HD will survey the same sky as the S4-Wide{}, and find that CMB-HD will detect $\times 3$ more overall and an order of magnitude more $z\ge 2$ clusters than CMB-S4. These results include galactic and extragalactic foregrounds along with atmospheric and instrumental noise. Using CMB-cluster lensing to calibrate cluster tSZ-mass scaling relation, we combine cluster counts with primary CMB to obtain cosmological constraints for a two parameter extension of the standard model ($\Lambda CDM+\sum m_{\nu }+w_0$). Besides constraining $\sigma (w_0)$ to $\lesssim 1\%$, we find that both surveys can enable a $\sim 2.5-4.5\sigma$ detection of $\sum m_{\nu }$, substantially strengthening CMB-only constraints. We also study the evolution of intracluster medium by modelling the cluster virialization $\mathrm{v}(z)$ and find tight constraints from CMB-S4, with further factors of 3-4 improvement for CMB-HD. The binned cluster counts, Fisher matrices, and other associated products can be downloaded from https://github.com/sriniraghunathan/tSZ_cluster_forecasts.

25 pages, 12 figures, 4 tables; addressed minor comments from the reviewer; accepted for publication in ApJ; results can be download from https://github.com/sriniraghunathan/tSZ_cluster_forecasts

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