CHEX-MATE: The Impact of Triaxiality and Orientation on Planck SZ Cluster Selection and Weak Lensing Mass Measurements

Abstract

Galaxy cluster abundance measurements are a valuable tool for constraining cosmological parameters like the mass density (${\Omega }_m$) and density fluctuation amplitude (${\sigma }_8$). Wide area surveys detect clusters based on observables, such as the total integrated Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect signal ($Y_{SZ}$) in the case of Planck. Quantifying the survey selection function is necessary for a cosmological analysis, with completeness representing the probability of detecting a cluster as a function of its intrinsic properties. Employing a Monte-Carlo method, we inject triaxial cluster profiles into random positions within the Planck all-sky maps, and subsequently determine the completeness of the Planck-selected CHEXMATE sample as a function of both geometry and SZ brightness. This is then used to generate 1000 mock CHEX-MATE cluster catalogs, and the distribution of shapes and orientations of the detected clusters, along with any associated bias in weak lensing-derived mass ($M_{WL}$) due to this orientation-dependent selection, denoted as $1-b_{\chi }$, is obtained. We show that cluster orientation impacts completeness, with a higher probability of detecting clusters elongated along the line of sight (LOS). This leads to $1-b_{\chi }$ values of $0-4\%$ for CHEXMATE clusters relative to a random population. The largest increase in $M_{WL}$ is observed in the lowest mass objects, which are most impacted by orientation-related selection bias. This bias is relevant for upcoming SZ surveys like CMB-S4, and should be considered for surveys utilizing other probes for cluster detection, such as Euclid.

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• Estimating the triaxiality of massive clusters from 2D observables in MillenniumTNG with machine learning