Bottomonium production in heavy-ion collisions using quantum trajectories: Differential observables and momentum anisotropy

Abstract

We report predictions for the suppression and elliptic flow of the ${\rm Y}(1S)$, ${\rm Y}(2S)$, and ${\rm Y}(3S)$ as a function of centrality and transverse momentum in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We obtain our predictions by numerically solving a Lindblad equation for the evolution of the heavy-quarkonium reduced density matrix derived using potential nonrelativistic QCD and the formalism of open quantum systems. To numerically solve the Lindblad equation, we make use of a stochastic unraveling called the quantum trajectories algorithm. This unraveling allows us to solve the Lindblad evolution equation efficiently on large lattices with no angular momentum cutoff. The resulting evolution describes the full 3D quantum and non-abelian evolution of the reduced density matrix for bottomonium states. We expand upon our previous work by treating differential observables and elliptic flow; this is made possible by a newly implemented Monte-Carlo sampling of physical trajectories. Our final results are compared to experimental data collected in $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.02$ TeV Pb-Pb collisions by the ALICE, ATLAS, and CMS collaborations.

14 pages, 11 figures

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• 50 Years of Quantum Chromodynamics
• The ALICE experiment: a journey through QCD
• Phase Transitions in Particle Physics -- Results and Perspectives from Lattice Quantum Chromo-Dynamics
• Heavy-Quark Diffusion in the Quark-Gluon Plasma
• Heavy quarkonium dynamics at next-to-leading order in the binding energy over temperature
• Measurement of sequential ${\rm Y}$ suppression in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{\mathrm{NN}}}}$ = 200 GeV with the STAR experiment
• Simulation of Lindblad equations for quarkonium in the quark-gluon plasma
• QTRAJ 1.0: A Lindblad equation solver for heavy-quarkonium dynamics
• Gauge Invariance of Non-Abelian Field Strength Correlators: the Axial Gauge Puzzle
• Production of ${\rm Y}(\text{nS})$ mesons in Pb+Pb and $pp$ collisions at 5.02 TeV
• A new method for directly computing reduced density matrices
• The complex heavy-quark potential in an anisotropic quark-gluon plasma -- Statics and dynamics
• Dynamics of in-medium quarkonia in SU(3) and SU(2) gauge theories
• Bottomonium sequential suppression and strong heavy-quark potential in heavy-ion collisions
• Density matrix formalism for interacting quantum fields
• The impact of fluctuating initial conditions on bottomonium suppression in 5.02 TeV heavy-ion collisions
• Effective Debye Screening Mass in an Anisotropic Quark Gluon Plasma
• Non-equilibrium evolution of quarkonium in medium in the open quantum system approach
• A simple model to include initial-state and hot-medium effects in the computation of quarkonium nuclear modification factor