The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS): Characterization of Morphological Properties of Galaxy Groups and Clusters

Abstract

Understanding the cluster population of clusters of galaxies is of the utmost importance for using cluster samples in both astrophysical and cosmological studies. We present an in-depth analysis of the X-ray morphological parameters of the galaxy clusters and groups detected in the eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS). We study the eROSITA X-ray imaging data for a sample of 325 clusters and groups that are significantly detected in the eFEDS field. We characterize their dynamical properties by measuring a number of dynamical estimators: concentration, central density, cuspiness, ellipticity, power-ratios, photon asymmetry, and Gini coefficient. The galaxy clusters and groups detected in eFEDS, covering a luminosity range of more than three orders of magnitude and large redshift range out to 1.2 provide an ideal sample for studying the redshift and luminosity evolution of the morphological parameters and characterization of the underlying dynamical state of the sample. Based on these measurements we construct a new dynamical indicator, relaxation score, for all the clusters in the sample. We find no evidence for bimodality in the distribution of morphological parameters of our clusters, rather we observe a smooth transition from the cool-core to non-cool-core and from relaxed to disturbed states. A significant evolution in redshift and luminosity is also observed in the morphological parameters examined in this study after carefully taking into account the selection effects. We determine that our eFEDS-selected cluster sample, differently than ROSAT-based cluster samples, is not biased toward relaxed clusters, but contains a similar fraction of disturbed as SZ surveys.

21 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables, Submitted to A&A for the Special Issue: The Early Data Release of eROSITA and Mikhail Pavlinsky ART-XC on the SRG Mission

References in corpus (23)

• Heating Hot Atmospheres with Active Galactic Nuclei
• The eROSITA X-ray telescope on SRG
• Galaxy Clusters Discovered via the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect in the 2500-square-degree SPT-SZ survey
• Intracluster Medium Entropy Profiles for a Chandra Archival Sample of Galaxy Clusters
• The SRG X-ray orbital observatory, its telescopes and first scientific results
• The eROSITA Final Equatorial Depth Survey (eFEDS): The X-ray catalog
• On the connection between giant radio halos and cluster mergers
• The impact of mergers on relaxed X-ray clusters - I. Dynamical evolution and emergent transient structures
• The Representative XMM-Newton Cluster Structure Survey (REXCESS) of an X-ray Luminosity Selected Galaxy Cluster Sample
• Scaling Properties of a Complete X-ray Selected Galaxy Group Sample
• The 400 square degrees ROSAT PSPC galaxy cluster survey: Catalog and statistical calibration
• Searching for Cool Core Clusters at High redshift
• The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS): Catalog of galaxy clusters and groups
• X-Ray morphological analysis of the Planck ESZ clusters
• Cosmology and Astrophysics from Relaxed Galaxy Clusters I: Sample Selection
• A statistically-selected Chandra sample of 20 galaxy clusters -- II. Gas properties and cool-core/non-cool core bimodality
• The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS): X-ray Observable-to-Mass-and-Redshift Relations of Galaxy Clusters and Groups with Weak-Lensing Mass Calibration from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program Survey
• Morphology parameters: substructure identification in X-ray galaxy clusters
• The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS): X-ray Properties and Scaling Relations of Galaxy Clusters and Groups
• The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS): Optical confirmation, redshifts, and properties of the cluster and group catalog
• Discovery of a Supercluster in the eROSITA Final Equatorial Depth Survey: X-ray Properties, Radio Halo, and Double Relics
• The Chemical Evolution of Galaxy Clusters: Dissecting the Iron Mass Budget of the Intracluster Medium
• Establishing the X-ray Source Detection Strategy for eROSITA with Simulations

Cited by in corpus (28)

• The eROSITA Final Equatorial Depth Survey (eFEDS): The X-ray catalog
• The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS): Catalog of galaxy clusters and groups
• Science objectives of the Einstein Probe mission
• The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS): Galaxy Clusters and Groups in Disguise
• The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS): X-ray Properties and Scaling Relations of Galaxy Clusters and Groups
• Detecting clusters of galaxies and active galactic nuclei in an eROSITA all-sky survey digital twin
• The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS): Optical confirmation, redshifts, and properties of the cluster and group catalog
• Offset between X-ray and optical centers in clusters of galaxies: connecting eROSITA data and simulations
• The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS): LOFAR view of brightest cluster galaxies and AGN feedback
• X-ray analysis of JWST's first galaxy cluster lens SMACS J0723.3-7327
• The Planck clusters in the LOFAR sky. III. LoTSS-DR2: Dynamic states and density fluctuations of the intracluster medium
• The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS): X-ray properties of Subaru optically-selected clusters
• eROSITA clusters dynamical state and their impact on the BCG luminosity
• DS+: a method for the identification of cluster substructures
• The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS): A complete census of X-ray properties of Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam weak lensing shear-selected clusters in the eFEDS footprint
• On the choice of the most suitable indicator for the assembly state of dark matter haloes through cosmic time
• The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS) -- Splashback radius of X-ray galaxy clusters using galaxies from HSC survey
• $i(cm)z$, a semi-analytic model for the thermodynamic properties in galaxy clusters: calibrations with mass and redshift, and implication for the hydrostatic bias
• The SRG/eROSITA all-sky survey: The morphologies of clusters of galaxies I: A catalogue of morphological parameters
• Optical Photometric Indicators of Galaxy Cluster Relaxation
• How the cool-core population transitions from galaxy groups to massive clusters: A comparison of the largest Magneticum simulation with eROSITA, XMM-Newton, Chandra and LOFAR observations
• A Machine Learning Approach to Enhancing eROSITA Observations
• The SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey: Exploring halo assembly bias with X-ray selected superclusters
• Modelling the selection of galaxy groups with end to end simulations
• The eventful life journey of galaxy clusters. II. Impact of mass accretion on the thermodynamical structure of the ICM
• CHEX-MATE: Morphological analysis of the sample
• High-resolution X-ray spectroscopy of clusters of galaxies
• The SRG/eROSITA all-sky survey: The morphologies of clusters of galaxies: II. The intrinsic distributions of morphological parameters