Resonant and first-order dipolar interactions between ultracold molecules in static and microwave electric fields

Abstract

We theoretically study collisions between ultracold polar molecules that are polarized by microwave or static electric fields. We systematically study the dependence on field strength, microwave polarization, and detuning from rotational transitions. We calculate the loss in two-body collisions that is observable experimentally and compare to the results expected for purely first-order dipolar interactions. For ground state molecules polarized by a static electric field, the dynamics are accurately described by first-order dipolar interactions. For microwave dressing, instead, resonant dipolar collisions dominate the collision process, in which molecules reorient along the intermolecular axis and interact with the full strength of the transition dipole. For red detuning, reorientation can only be suppressed at extreme Rabi frequencies. For blue detuned microwaves, resonant dipolar interactions dominate even for high Rabi frequencies, leading to microwave shielding for circular polarization and structured losses due to resonances for linear polarization. The results are presented numerically for fermionic ${}^{23}$Na${}^{40}$K and bosonic ${}^{23}$Na${}^{39}$K molecules.

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• Evaporation of microwave-shielded polar molecules to quantum degeneracy
• Tunable itinerant spin dynamics with polar molecules
• Microwave shielding of bosonic NaRb molecules
• Field-linked resonances of polar molecules
• Effective potential and superfluidity of microwave-dressed polar molecules
• Double Microwave Shielding
• Rotational-state dependence of interactions between polar molecules
• Thermoviscous Hydrodynamics in Non-Degenerate Dipolar Bose Gases
• Comprehensive characterization of an apparatus for cold electromagnetic dysprosium dipoles
• Resonances in non-universal dipolar collisions
• Effective potential and scattering length of shielding polar molecules
• Optical lattice quantum simulator of dynamics beyond Born-Oppenheimer
• Strongly dipolar molecular Bose-Einstein condensates: From few- to many-body physics