Simulating the Galactic Multi-messenger Emissions with HERMES

Abstract

The study of non-thermal processes such as synchrotron emission, inverse Compton scattering, bremsstrahlung and pion production is crucial to understand the properties of the Galactic cosmic-ray population, to shed light on their origin and confinement mechanisms, and to assess the significance of exotic signals possibly associated to new physics. We present a public code called HERMES aimed at generating sky maps associated to a variety of multi-messenger and multi-wavelength radiative processes, spanning from the radio domain all the way up to high-energy gamma-ray and neutrino production. We describe the physical processes under consideration, the code concept and structure, and the user interface, with particular focus on the python-based interactive mode. We especially present the modular and flexible design that allows to easily further extend the numerical package according to the user's needs. In order to demonstrate the capabilities of the code, we describe in detail a comprehensive set of sky maps and spectra associated to all physical processes included in the code. We comment in particular on the radio, gamma-ray, and neutrino maps, and mention the possibility to study signals stemming from dark matter annihilation. HERMES can be successfully applied to constrain the properties of the Galactic cosmic-ray population, improve our understanding of the diffuse Galactic radio, gamma--ray, and neutrino emission, and search for signals associated to particle dark matter annihilation or decay.

16 pages, 10 figures. The code presented in this paper is available at https://github.com/cosmicrays/hermes/releases/tag/v1.0.0 and tagged with 1.0.0 (May 4, 2021)

References in corpus (22)

• HI4PI: A full-sky HI survey based on EBHIS and GASS
• A New Electron Density Model for Estimation of Pulsar and FRB Distances
• Radio observational constraints on Galactic 3D-emission models
• Parametrization of gamma-ray production cross-sections for pp interactions in a broad proton energy range from the kinematic threshold to PeV energies
• Parameterization of Gamma, e^+/- and Neutrino Spectra Produced by p-p Interaction in Astronomical Environment
• Weak Corrections are Relevant for Dark Matter Indirect Detection
• Energy spectra of gamma-rays, electrons and neutrinos produced at interactions of relativistic protons with low energy radiation
• Spatial distribution of interstellar gas in the innermost 3 kpc of our Galaxy
• Cosmic-ray propagation with DRAGON2: I. numerical solver and astrophysical ingredients
• Gamma-ray sky points to radial gradients in cosmic-ray transport
• Absorption of Very High Energy Gamma Rays in the Milky Way
• Simulating polarized Galactic synchrotron emission at all frequencies, the Hammurabi code
• Dark Halos of M31 and the Milky Way
• 3D Distribution of Molecular Gas in the Barred Milky Way
• Cosmic Ray Electrons, Positrons and the Synchrotron emission of the Galaxy: consistent analysis and implications
• The Ecological Impact of High-performance Computing in Astrophysics
• Observational constraints on models for the interstellar magnetic field in the Galactic disk
• A signature of anisotropic cosmic-ray transport in the gamma-ray sky
• Propagation in 3D spiral-arm cosmic-ray source distribution models and secondary particle production using PICARD
• TeV Neutrinos from SuperNova Remnants embedded in Giant Molecular Clouds
• Neutrino telescopes and high-energy cosmic neutrinos
• StellarICS: Inverse Compton Emission from the Quiet Sun and Stars from keV to TeV

Cited by in corpus (22)

• Galactic diffuse gamma rays meet the PeV frontier
• Diffuse Emission of Galactic High-Energy Neutrinos from a Global Fit of Cosmic Rays
• Sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array to spectral signatures of hadronic PeVatrons with application to Galactic Supernova Remnants
• Gravitational lensing of massive particles by a black-bounce-Schwarzschild black hole
• Bayesian inference of three-dimensional gas maps: II. Galactic HI
• Multimessenger search for electrophilic feebly interacting particles from supernovae
• Prospects for detection of a Galactic diffuse neutrino flux
• Robust constraints on feebly interacting particles using XMM-Newton
• Prospects for a survey of the Galactic plane with the Cherenkov Telescope Array
• Anomalous Ionization in the Central Molecular Zone by sub-GeV Dark Matter
• Possible contribution of X-ray binary jets to the Galactic cosmic ray and neutrino flux
• Dark Matter in X-rays: Revised XMM-Newton Limits and New Constraints from eROSITA
• New determination of the production cross section for $\gamma$ rays in the Galaxy
• Multi-TeV dark matter density in the inner Milky Way halo: spectral and dynamical constraints
• Weighing the Local Interstellar Medium using Gamma Rays and Dust
• The Origin of the Very-High-Energy Diffuse $\gamma$-Ray Emission: The Case for Galactic Source Cocoons
• Detecting and characterizing pulsar haloes with the Cherenkov Telescope Array
• INTEGRAL, eROSITA and Voyager Constraints on Light Bosonic Dark Matter: ALPs, Dark Photons, Scalars, $B-L$ and $L_i-L_j$ Vectors
• The Cosmic-ray Knee as a Local Signature of Nearby PeVatrons
• Strong field gravitational lensing of particles by a black-bounce-Schwarzschild black hole
• Search for Diffuse Galactic Neutrinos with the Full ANTARES Telescope Dataset
• Stochastic modelling of cosmic-ray sources for Galactic diffuse emissions