Simulating the Galactic Multi-messenger Emissions with HERMES

Abstract

The study of non-thermal processes such as synchrotron emission, inverse Compton scattering, bremsstrahlung and pion production is crucial to understand the properties of the Galactic cosmic-ray population, to shed light on their origin and confinement mechanisms, and to assess the significance of exotic signals possibly associated to new physics. We present a public code called HERMES aimed at generating sky maps associated to a variety of multi-messenger and multi-wavelength radiative processes, spanning from the radio domain all the way up to high-energy gamma-ray and neutrino production. We describe the physical processes under consideration, the code concept and structure, and the user interface, with particular focus on the python-based interactive mode. We especially present the modular and flexible design that allows to easily further extend the numerical package according to the user's needs. In order to demonstrate the capabilities of the code, we describe in detail a comprehensive set of sky maps and spectra associated to all physical processes included in the code. We comment in particular on the radio, gamma-ray, and neutrino maps, and mention the possibility to study signals stemming from dark matter annihilation. HERMES can be successfully applied to constrain the properties of the Galactic cosmic-ray population, improve our understanding of the diffuse Galactic radio, gamma--ray, and neutrino emission, and search for signals associated to particle dark matter annihilation or decay.

arXiv comment16 pages, 10 figures. The code presented in this paper is available at https://github.com/cosmicrays/hermes/releases/tag/v1.0.0 and tagged with 1.0.0 (May 4, 2021)

References in corpus (67)

• HEALPix -- a Framework for High Resolution Discretization, and Fast Analysis of Data Distributed on the Sphere
• The Large Area Telescope on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope Mission
• The Milky Way in Molecular Clouds: A New Complete CO Survey
• HI4PI: A full-sky HI survey based on EBHIS and GASS
• A New Electron Density Model for Estimation of Pulsar and FRB Distances
• Letter of Intent for KM3NeT 2.0
• PPPC 4 DM ID: A Poor Particle Physicist Cookbook for Dark Matter Indirect Detection
• Diffuse continuum gamma rays from the Galaxy
• A New Model of the Galactic Magnetic Field
• Diffuse Galactic continuum gamma rays. A model compatible with EGRET data and cosmic-ray measurements
• Development of the Model of Galactic Interstellar Emission for Standard Point-Source Analysis of Fermi Large Area Telescope Data
• Radio observational constraints on Galactic 3D-emission models
• Fundamental Physics with the Square Kilometre Array
• The AGILE Mission
• VERITAS: the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System
• Parametrization of gamma-ray production cross-sections for pp interactions in a broad proton energy range from the kinematic threshold to PeV energies
• Parameterization of Gamma, e^+/- and Neutrino Spectra Produced by p-p Interaction in Astronomical Environment
• Weak Corrections are Relevant for Dark Matter Indirect Detection
• The Assembly of Galaxies in a Hierarchically Clustering Universe
• CRPropa 3 - a Public Astrophysical Simulation Framework for Propagating Extraterrestrial Ultra-High Energy Particles
• Deriving global structure of the Galactic Magnetic Field from Faraday Rotation Measures of extragalactic sources
• Energy spectra of gamma-rays, electrons and neutrinos produced at interactions of relativistic protons with low energy radiation
• Three-Dimensional Distribution of the ISM in the Milky Way Galaxy: I. The HI Disk
• Spatial distribution of interstellar gas in the innermost 3 kpc of our Galaxy
• Cosmic-ray propagation with DRAGON2: I. numerical solver and astrophysical ingredients
• The interstellar cosmic-ray electron spectrum from synchrotron radiation and direct measurements
• Attenuation of VHE gamma rays by the Milky Way interstellar radiation field
• The gamma-ray and neutrino sky: A consistent picture of Fermi-LAT, Milagro, and IceCube results
• Radial distribution of the diffuse gamma-ray emissivity in the galactic disk
• Sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array to a dark matter signal from the Galactic centre
• PICARD: A novel code for the Galactic Cosmic Ray propagation problem
• Gamma-ray sky points to radial gradients in cosmic-ray transport
• Modelling the Galactic Magnetic Field on the Plane in 2D
• Absorption of Very High Energy Gamma Rays in the Milky Way
• Simulating polarized Galactic synchrotron emission at all frequencies, the Hammurabi code
• Dark Halos of M31 and the Milky Way
• Opening a New Window onto the Universe with IceCube
• Anisotropic inverse Compton scattering in the Galaxy
• The Galactic halo magnetic field revisited
• 3D Distribution of Molecular Gas in the Barred Milky Way
• Cosmic Ray Electrons, Positrons and the Synchrotron emission of the Galaxy: consistent analysis and implications
• Joint constraints on Galactic diffuse neutrino emission from ANTARES and IceCube
• Diffuse cosmic rays shining in the Galactic center: A novel interpretation of H.E.S.S. and Fermi-LAT gamma-ray data
• The Ecological Impact of High-performance Computing in Astrophysics
• Evidence for the Galactic contribution to the IceCube astrophysical neutrino flux
• Cosmic-ray propagation with DRAGON2: II. Nuclear interactions with the interstellar gas
• Observational constraints on models for the interstellar magnetic field in the Galactic disk
• The Denoised, Deconvolved, and Decomposed Fermi $\gamma$-ray sky - An application of the D${}^3$PO algorithm
• On the radial distribution of Galactic cosmic rays
• Connecting Synchrotron, Cosmic Rays, and Magnetic Fields in the Plane of the Galaxy
• CLUMPY v3: $\gamma$-ray and $\nu$ signals from dark matter at all scales
• A signature of anisotropic cosmic-ray transport in the gamma-ray sky
• All-flavor search for a diffuse flux of cosmic neutrinos with 9 years of ANTARES data
• New Constraints on all flavour Galactic diffuse neutrino emission with the ANTARES telescope
• Joint 3D modelling of the polarized Galactic synchrotron and thermal dust foreground diffuse emission
• Propagation in 3D spiral-arm cosmic-ray source distribution models and secondary particle production using PICARD
• Breaks in interstellar spectra of positrons and electrons derived from time-dependent AMS data
• Expectations for high energy diffuse galactic neutrinos for different cosmic ray distributions
• Features in cosmic-ray lepton data unveil the properties of nearby cosmic accelerators
• The GeV-TeV Galactic gamma-ray diffuse emission I. Uncertainties in the predictions of the hadronic component
• On the progressive hardening of the cosmic-ray proton spectrum in the inner Galaxy
• Status and First Results of the MAGIC Telescope
• Probing galactic cosmic ray distribution with TeV gamma-ray sky
• TeV Neutrinos from SuperNova Remnants embedded in Giant Molecular Clouds
• Neutrino telescopes and high-energy cosmic neutrinos
• StellarICS: Inverse Compton Emission from the Quiet Sun and Stars from keV to TeV
• hammurabi X: Simulating Galactic Synchrotron Emission with Random Magnetic Fields

Cited by in corpus (22)

• Galactic diffuse gamma rays meet the PeV frontier
• Diffuse Emission of Galactic High-Energy Neutrinos from a Global Fit of Cosmic Rays
• Sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array to spectral signatures of hadronic PeVatrons with application to Galactic Supernova Remnants
• Gravitational lensing of massive particles by a black-bounce-Schwarzschild black hole
• Bayesian inference of three-dimensional gas maps: II. Galactic HI
• Multimessenger search for electrophilic feebly interacting particles from supernovae
• Prospects for detection of a Galactic diffuse neutrino flux
• Robust constraints on feebly interacting particles using XMM-Newton
• Prospects for a survey of the Galactic plane with the Cherenkov Telescope Array
• Anomalous Ionization in the Central Molecular Zone by sub-GeV Dark Matter
• Possible contribution of X-ray binary jets to the Galactic cosmic ray and neutrino flux
• Dark Matter in X-rays: Revised XMM-Newton Limits and New Constraints from eROSITA
• New determination of the production cross section for $\gamma$ rays in the Galaxy
• Multi-TeV dark matter density in the inner Milky Way halo: spectral and dynamical constraints
• Weighing the Local Interstellar Medium using Gamma Rays and Dust
• The Origin of the Very-High-Energy Diffuse $\gamma$-Ray Emission: The Case for Galactic Source Cocoons
• Detecting and characterizing pulsar haloes with the Cherenkov Telescope Array
• INTEGRAL, eROSITA and Voyager Constraints on Light Bosonic Dark Matter: ALPs, Dark Photons, Scalars, $B-L$ and $L_i-L_j$ Vectors
• The Cosmic-ray Knee as a Local Signature of Nearby PeVatrons
• Strong field gravitational lensing of particles by a black-bounce-Schwarzschild black hole
• Search for Diffuse Galactic Neutrinos with the Full ANTARES Telescope Dataset
• Stochastic modelling of cosmic-ray sources for Galactic diffuse emissions