Weyl, Dirac and high-fold chiral fermions in topological quantum materials

Abstract

Quantum materials hosting Weyl fermions have opened a new era of research in condensed matter physics. First proposed in 1929 in particle physics, Weyl fermions have yet to be observed as elementary particles. In 2015, Weyl fermions were detected as collective electronic excitations in the strong spin-orbit coupled material tantalum arsenide, TaAs. This discovery was followed by a flurry of experimental and theoretical explorations of Weyl phenomena in materials. Weyl materials naturally lend themselves to the exploration of the topological index associated with Weyl fermions and their divergent Berry curvature field, as well as the topological bulk-boundary correspondence giving rise to protected conducting surface states. Here, we review the broader class of Weyl topological phenomena in materials, starting with the observation of emergent Weyl fermions in the bulk and of Fermi arc states on the surface of the TaAs family of crystals by photoemission spectroscopy. We then discuss some of the exotic optical and magnetic responses observed in these materials, as well as the progress in developing some of the related chiral materials. We discuss the conceptual development of high-fold chiral fermions, which generalize Weyl fermions, and we review the observation of high-fold chiral fermion phases by taking the rhodium silicide, RhSi, family of crystals as a prime example. Lastly, we discuss recent advances in Weyl-line phases in magnetic topological materials. With this Review, we aim to provide an introduction to the basic concepts underlying Weyl physics in condensed matter, and to representative materials and their electronic structures and topology as revealed by spectroscopic studies. We hope this work serves as a guide for future theoretical and experimental explorations of chiral fermions and related topological quantum systems with potentially enhanced functionalities.

arXiv commentTo appear in Nature Review Materials

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Cited by in corpus (71)

• Topological kagome magnets and superconductors
• Topological acoustics
• Thermal transport, geometry, and anomalies
• Systematic investigation of emergent particles in type-III magnetic space groups
• Are there universal signatures of topological phases in high harmonic generation? Probably not
• Multiple-Fold Fermions and Topological Fermi Arcs Induced Catalytic Enhancement in Nanoporous Electride C12A7
• Intertwining of magnetism and charge ordering in kagome FeGe
• Machine-learning-enhanced quantum sensors for accurate magnetic field imaging
• Plethora of tunable Weyl fermions in kagome magnet Fe3Sn2 thin films
• Signatures of Weyl fermion annihilation in a correlated kagome magnet
• Observation of 2D Weyl Fermion States in Epitaxial Bismuthene
• Chirality locking charge density waves in a chiral crystal
• Detecting multiple chirality centers in chiral molecules with high harmonic generation
• What's knot to like? Observation of a linked loop quantum state
• Intrinsic Magnetic Topological Materials
• Multi-k magnetic structure and large anomalous Hall effect in candidate magnetic Weyl semimetal NdAlGe
• Coexistence of Multifold and Multidimensional Topological Phonons in KMgBO${}_3$
• Non-Hermitian Dirac cones with valley-dependent lifetimes
• Surface-dominated conductance scaling in Weyl semimetal NbAs
• Nonlinear photoconductivities and quantum geometry of chiral multifold fermions
• Type-II Weyl semimetal vs gravastar
• Signatures of a surface spin-orbital chiral metal
• Weyl nodal ring states and Landau quantization with very large magnetoresistance in square-net magnet EuGa${}_4$
• Size-Dependent Grain Boundary Scattering in Topological Semimetals
• Fermi-arc metals
• Visualizing higher-fold topology in chiral crystals
• Colossal anomalous Hall and Nernst effect from the breaking of nodal-line symmetry in Cu2CoSn Weyl semimetal: A first-principles study
• Intertwined Weyl phases emergent from higher-order topology and unconventional Weyl fermions via crystalline symmetry
• Discovery of a Topological Charge Density Wave
• Topological Phase Transition in Quasi-One-Dimensional Bismuth Iodide Bi4I4
• Chiral Floquet Engineering on Topological Fermions in Chiral Crystals
• Chirality probe of twisted bilayer graphene in the linear transport regime
• Magnetic Breakdown and Chiral Magnetic Effect at Weyl-Semimetal Tunnel Junctions
• Light-induced anomalous Hall conductivity in massive 3D Dirac semimetal Co${}_3$Sn${}_2$S${}_2$
• Evidence for electronic signature of magnetic transition in topological magnet HoSbTe
• Disorder effects on triple-point fermions
• Braiding topology of symmetry-protected degeneracy points in non-Hermitian systems
• Berry-dipole Semimetals
• Disorder-induced phase transitions in double Weyl semimetals
• Development of a Laser-based angle-resolved-photoemission spectrometer with sub-micrometer spatial resolution and high-efficiency spin detection
• Optical conductivity of tilted higher pseudospin Dirac-Weyl cones
• How to identify and characterize strongly correlated topological semimetals
• Vector Chirality $\kappa$ Driven Topological Phase Transition and the Associated Anomalous Hall Conductivity Tuning in a Non-Collinear Antiferromagnet
• Intrinsic chiral field as vector potential of the magnetic current in the zig-zag lattice of magnetic dipoles
• Intrinsic Orbital Origin for the Chirality-Dependent Nonlinear Planar Hall Effect of Topological Nodal Fermions in Chiral Crystals
• Emergence of Topological Superconductivity in Doped Topological Dirac Semimetals under Symmetry-Lowering Lattice Distortions
• Chiral phononic and electronic edge modes of EuPtSi
• Quantum Oscillation Signatures of Fermi Arcs in Tunnel Magnetoconductance
• Phonon-limited carrier transport in the Weyl semimetal TaAs
• Topological charge Fano effect in multi-Weyl semimetals
• Emergent Topological Semimetal
• Chiral anomaly-induced nonlinear Hall effect in spin-orbit coupled noncentrosymmetric metals
• Surface ferromagnetism in a chiral topological semimetal CoSi
• Chirality-tunable non-linear Hall effect
• Interface engineering of van der Waals heterostructures towards energy-efficient quantum devices operating at high temperatures
• Tunnelling theory of Weyl semimetals in proximity to a metallic band
• Relativistic horizon of interacting Weyl fermions in condensed matter systems
• Spinless topological chirality from Umklapp scattering in twisted 3D structures
• Weyl Fermion with various chiralities in a f-electron ferromagnetic system: PrB4
• Nonequilibrium carrier and phonon dynamics in the ferrimagnetic semiconductor Mn${}_3$Si${}_2$Te${}_6$
• Structural characterization of the candidate Weyl semimetal CeGaGe
• Discovery of nodal-line superconductivity in chiral crystals
• Cartesian Nodal Lines and Magnetic Kramers Weyl Nodes in Spin-Split Antiferromagnets
• Spin-to-charge conversion in orthorhombic RhSi topological semimetal crystalline thin films
• Proposal for realizing unpaired Weyl points in a three-dimensional periodically driven optical Raman lattice
• Stability of the Néel quantum critical point in the presence of Dirac fermions
• Chiral charge transfer along magnetic field lines in a Weyl superconductor
• Impact of Broken Inversion Symmetry on Molecular States in multi-Weyl fermions
• Tuning chirality amplitude at ultrafast timescales
• Wavefunction-Free Approach for Predicting Nonlinear Responses in Weyl Semimetals
• Surface states and finite size effects in triple-fold semimetals