Catastrophic Production of Slow Gravitinos

Abstract

We study gravitational particle production of the massive spin-$3/2$ Rarita-Schwinger field, and its close relative, the gravitino, in FRW cosmological spacetimes. For masses lighter than the value of the Hubble expansion rate after inflation, $m_{3/2}\lesssim H$, we find catastrophic gravitational particle production, wherein the number of gravitationally produced particles is divergent, caused by a transient vanishing of the helicity-1/2 gravitino sound speed. In contrast with the conventional gravitino problem, the spectrum of produced particles is dominated by those with momentum at the UV cutoff. This suggests a breakdown of effective field theory, which might be cured by new degrees of freedom that emerge in the UV. We study the UV completion of the Rarita-Schwinger field, namely $\mathcal{N}=1$, $d=4$, supergravity. We reproduce known results for models with a single superfield and models with an arbitrary number of chiral superfields, find a simple geometric expression for the sound speed in the latter case, and extend this to include nilpotent constrained superfields and orthogonal constrained superfields. We find supergravity models where the catastrophe is cured and models where it persists. Insofar as quantizing the gravitino is tantamount to quantizing gravity, as is the case in any UV completion of supergravity, the models exhibiting catastrophic production are prime examples of 4-dimensional effective field theories that become inconsistent when gravity is quantized, suggesting a possible link to the Swampland program. We propose the Gravitino Swampland Conjecture, which is consistent with and indeed follows from the KKLT and Large Volume scenarios for moduli stabilization in string theory.

arXiv comment43 pages, 4 figures. v2: version accepted to PRD

References in corpus (97)

• de Sitter Vacua in String Theory
• Hierarchies from Fluxes in String Compactifications
• Towards the Theory of Reheating After Inflation
• A Dynamical Solution to the Problem of a Small Cosmological Constant and Late-time Cosmic Acceleration
• Essentials of k-essence
• Quantization of Four-form Fluxes and Dynamical Neutralization of the Cosmological Constant
• The Effective Field Theory of Inflation
• False Vacuum Inflation with Einstein Gravity
• Systematics of Moduli Stabilisation in Calabi-Yau Flux Compactifications
• The Swampland: Introduction and Review
• Universality Class in Conformal Inflation
• Superconformal Inflationary $\alpha$-Attractors
• The Anthropic Landscape of String Theory
• Supersymmetry Breaking and alpha'-Corrections to Flux Induced Potentials
• The String Landscape and the Swampland
• Nonperturbative Dynamics Of Reheating After Inflation: A Review
• Superheavy dark matter
• Minimal Supergravity Models of Inflation
• Production of massive particles during reheating
• Naturalness Versus Supersymmetric Non-renormalization Theorems
• Large non-Gaussianities with Intermediate Shapes from Quasi-Single Field Inflation
• Landscape, the Scale of SUSY Breaking, and Inflation
• Nonthermal Supermassive Dark Matter
• Scales and hierarchies in warped compactifications and brane worlds
• String Loop Corrections to Kahler Potentials in Orientifolds
• New models of chaotic inflation in supergravity
• Cosmology with Nilpotent Superfields
• Non-Gaussianity as a Particle Detector
• General inflaton potentials in supergravity
• On the gravitational production of superheavy dark matter
• Gravitino Production After Inflation
• Towards an Explicit Model of D-brane Inflation
• The Cosmological Bootstrap: Weight-Shifting Operators and Scalar Seeds
• Large Field Inflation and Double $\alpha$-Attractors
• Superconformal Symmetry, Supergravity and Cosmology
• Thermal and Non-Thermal Production of Gravitinos in the Early Universe
• Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays, Superheavy Long-Living Particles, and Matter Creation after Inflation
• Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays
• Non-Thermal Production of Dangerous Relics in the Early Universe
• Production of Purely Gravitational Dark Matter: The Case of Fermion and Vector Boson
• $\overline{D3}$ and dS
• Thermalization after/during Reheating
• Completely Dark Photons from Gravitational Particle Production During Inflation
• Volume Modulus Inflation and the Gravitino Mass Problem
• Pure de Sitter Supergravity
• Dark Matter Production in Late Time Reheating
• Emergence of Spontaneously Broken Supersymmetry on an Anti-D3-Brane in KKLT dS Vacua
• Coupled fields in external background with application to nonthermal production of gravitinos
• Nonthermal production of gravitinos and inflatinos
• Thermalization Process after Inflation and Effective Potential of Scalar Field
• On Loops in Inflation II: IR Effects in Single Clock Inflation
• Isocurvature constraints on gravitationally produced superheavy dark matter
• The asymptotic dS Swampland Conjecture - a simplified derivation and a potential loophole
• Component action of nilpotent multiplet coupled to matter in 4 dimensional $\mathcal{N}=1$ supergravity
• Gravitational Fermion Production in Inflationary Cosmology
• Higher Spin Supersymmetry at the Cosmological Collider: Sculpting SUSY Rilles in the CMB
• Anatomy of F_D-Term Hybrid Inflation
• $\overline{D3}$ Induced Geometric Inflation
• Cosmology with orthogonal nilpotent superfields
• The Supersymmetric Effective Field Theory of Inflation
• Dark Matter Production during the Thermalization Era
• Gravitino thermal production revisited
• Inflation from Nilpotent Kähler Corrections
• Inflation, de Sitter Landscape and Super-Higgs effect
• Inflatino-less Cosmology
• Cosmological Collider Signatures of Massive Vectors from Non-Gaussian Gravitational Waves
• De Sitter Supergravity Model Building
• Anti-D3 branes and moduli in non-linear supergravity
• The Cosmological Bootstrap: Spinning Correlators from Symmetries and Factorization
• Constrained superfields from an anti-D3-brane in KKLT
• From Wires to Cosmology
• The goldstone and goldstino of supersymmetric inflation
• Quantum Primordial Standard Clocks
• Higher Spin Dark Matter
• Gravitino Problem in Minimal Supergravity Inflation
• de Sitter Vacua with a Nilpotent Superfield
• Matter-coupled de Sitter Supergravity
• The supersymmetric anti-D3-brane action in KKLT
• Gravitational production of nearly thermal fermionic Dark Matter
• The general de Sitter supergravity component action
• Gravitino production in hybrid inflationary models
• Decoupling Limits of sGoldstino Modes in Global and Local Supersymmetry
• Nonthermal Gravitino Production after Large Field Inflation
• Dark matter scenarios with multiple spin-2 fields
• The Cosmological Heavy Ion Collider: Fast Thermalization after Cosmic Inflation
• Dark Matter and Inflation in $R+\zeta R^2$ Supergravity
• The Slow Gravitino
• Off-shell Poincare Supergravity
• Constrained superfields from inflation to reheating
• Curvature Perturbations From Stochastic Particle Production During Inflation
• Dark Matter from Starobinsky Supergravity
• Stochastic Particle Production in a de Sitter Background
• KKLT without AdS
• Large Density Perturbations from Reheating to Standard Model particles due to the Dynamics of the Higgs Boson during Inflation
• Gravitino Problem in Inflation Driven by Inflaton-Polonyi Kähler Coupling
• The Gravitino Swampland Conjecture
• Simple Sinflaton-less $\alpha$-attractors

Cited by in corpus (27)

• Primordial Black Holes from Multifield Inflation with Nonminimal Couplings
• The Gravitino and the Swampland
• A Gravitino Distance Conjecture
• Snowmass2021 Cosmic Frontier White Paper: Ultraheavy particle dark matter
• Polarized Vector Oscillons
• Cosmological gravitational particle production of massive spin-2 particles
• Yoga Dark Energy: Natural Relaxation and Other Dark Implications of a Supersymmetric Gravity Sector
• Runaway Gravitational Production of Dark Photons
• Quantum interference in gravitational particle production
• Salvage of Too Slow Gravitinos
• Minimal Supergravity Inflation without Slow Gravitino
• Gravitational Production of Completely Dark Photons with Nonminimal Couplings to Gravity
• An analytic evaluation of gravitational particle production of fermions via Stokes phenomenon
• Completely Dark Matter from Rapid-Turn Multifield Inflation
• Geometry of orientifold vacua and supersymmetry breaking
• Gravitationally produced Dark Matter and primordial black holes
• Towards A Direct Detection of the Spin of Dark Matter
• S-dual Inflation and the String Swampland
• Gravitino Thermal Production, Dark Matter, and Reheating of the Universe
• Causality constraints on nonlinear supersymmetry
• Purely gravitational dark matter production in warm inflation
• Hitchhiker's Guide to the Swampland: The Cosmologist's Handbook to the string-theoretical Swampland Programme
• Constrained Superfields in Dynamical Background
• A Novel Solution to the Gravitino Problem
• Cosmology of Gravi-Axions
• Gravitino thermal production
• On FLRW reductions of N=1 supergravity