An analytic evaluation of gravitational particle production of fermions via Stokes phenomenon
arXiv:2206.14204 · doi:10.1007/JHEP09(2022)216
Abstract
The phenomenon of gravitational particle production can take place for quantum fields in curved spacetime. The abundance and energy spectrum of gravitationally produced particles is typically calculated by solving the field's mode equations on a time-dependent background metric. For purposes of studying dark matter production in an inflationary cosmology, these mode equations are often solved numerically, which is computationally intensive, especially for the rapidly-oscillating high-momentum modes. However, these same modes are amenable to analytic evaluation via the Exact Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (EWKB) method, where gravitational particle production is a manifestation of the Stokes phenomenon. These analytic techniques have been used in the past to study gravitational particle production for spin-0 bosons. We extend the earlier work to study gravitational production of spin-1/2 and spin-3/2 fermions. We derive an analytic expression for the connection matrix (valid to all orders in perturbations) that relates Bogoliubov coefficients across a Stokes line connecting a merged pair of simple turning points. By comparing the analytic approximation with a direct numerical integration of the mode equations, we demonstrate an excellent agreement and highlight the utility of the Stokes phenomenon formalism applied to fermions. We discuss the implications for an analytic understanding of catastrophic particle production due to vanishing sound speed, which can occur for a spin-3/2 Rarita-Schwinger field.
arXiv comment33 pages + appendices and references, 10 figures
References in corpus (54)
- Superheavy dark matter
- Nonthermal Supermassive Dark Matter
- Production and detection of relic gravitons in quintessential inflationary models
- Probing Planckian physics: resonant production of particles during inflation and features in the primordial power spectrum
- On the gravitational production of superheavy dark matter
- Gravitino Production After Inflation
- Planckian Interacting Massive Particles as Dark Matter
- An Introduction to Resurgence, Trans-Series and Alien Calculus
- The Stokes Phenomenon and Schwinger Vacuum Pair Production in Time-Dependent Laser Pulses
- Matter Creation via Vacuum Fluctuations in the Early Universe and Observed Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray Events
- Superconformal Symmetry, Supergravity and Cosmology
- Thermal and Non-Thermal Production of Gravitinos in the Early Universe
- Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays, Superheavy Long-Living Particles, and Matter Creation after Inflation
- Production of Purely Gravitational Dark Matter: The Case of Fermion and Vector Boson
- Non-Thermal Production of Dangerous Relics in the Early Universe
- Production of Purely Gravitational Dark Matter
- Reheating After Quintessential Inflation and Gravitational Waves
- Gravitational Production of Dark Matter during Reheating
- Theory and Phenomenology of Planckian Interacting Massive Particles as Dark Matter
- Gravitational Effects on Inflaton Decay
- Preheating of massive fermions after inflation: analytical results
- Fermion production during and after axion inflation
- Gravitational portals in the early Universe
- Classical inflaton field induced creation of superheavy dark matter
- Geometric Reheating after Inflation
- Adiabatic regularization and particle creation for spin one-half fields
- Cosmological particle production and the precision of the WKB approximation
- Super-Adiabatic Particle Number in Schwinger and de Sitter Particle Production
- Gravitational Fermion Production in Inflationary Cosmology
- Gravitational particle creation for dark matter and reheating
- Adiabatic regularization for spin-1/2 fields
- Gravitational Portals with Non-Minimal Couplings
- TBA equations and resurgent Quantum Mechanics
- Gravitational production of super-Hubble-mass particles: an analytic approach
- Renormalized stress-energy tensor for spin-1/2 fields in expanding universes
- Gravitational reheating through conformally coupled superheavy scalar particles
- Exact WKB analysis of the vacuum pair production by time-dependent electric fields
- Chemical-Potential-Assisted Particle Production in FRW Spacetimes
- Higgs condensation as an unwanted curvaton
- Catastrophic Production of Slow Gravitinos
- Gravitino Problem in Minimal Supergravity Inflation
- Gravitational production of nearly thermal fermionic Dark Matter
- Gravitino production in hybrid inflationary models
- Adiabatic expansions for Dirac fields, renormalization, and anomalies
- Stokes phenomenon and gravitational particle production -- How to evaluate it in practice
- Slow and Safe Gravitinos
- The Stokes Phenomenon and Quantum Tunneling for de Sitter Radiation in Nonstationary Coordinates
- Geometric Origin of Stokes Phenomenon for de Sitter Radiation
- Dark matter and baryon-number generation in quintessential inflation via hierarchical right-handed neutrinos
- The Exact WKB and the Landau-Zener transition for asymmetry in cosmological particle production
- Spin 1/2 field and regularization in de Sitter and radiation dominated universe
- Superadiabatic basis in cosmological particle production: application to preheating
- Particle production induced by vacuum decay in real time dynamics
- Stokes phenomenon and Hawking Radiation
Cited by in corpus (7)
- Quantum interference in gravitational particle production
- Completely Dark Matter from Rapid-Turn Multifield Inflation
- Gravitationally produced Dark Matter and primordial black holes
- Logarithmic catastrophes and Stokes's phenomenon in waves at horizons
- QFT approach to dressed particle processes in preheating and non-perturbative mechanism in kinematically-forbidden regime
- Roles of electric field/time-dependent Wilson line in toroidal compactification with or without magnetic fluxes
- More on scattering processes of dressed particles with a time-dependent mass