Removing leakage-induced correlated errors in superconducting quantum error correction

Abstract

Quantum computing can become scalable through error correction, but logical error rates only decrease with system size when physical errors are sufficiently uncorrelated. During computation, unused high energy levels of the qubits can become excited, creating leakage states that are long-lived and mobile. Particularly for superconducting transmon qubits, this leakage opens a path to errors that are correlated in space and time. Here, we report a reset protocol that returns a qubit to the ground state from all relevant higher level states. We test its performance with the bit-flip stabilizer code, a simplified version of the surface code for quantum error correction. We investigate the accumulation and dynamics of leakage during error correction. Using this protocol, we find lower rates of logical errors and an improved scaling and stability of error suppression with increasing qubit number. This demonstration provides a key step on the path towards scalable quantum computing.

References in corpus (34)

• Supplementary information for "Quantum supremacy using a programmable superconducting processor"
• Charge insensitive qubit design derived from the Cooper pair box
• Surface codes: Towards practical large-scale quantum computation
• Logic gates at the surface code threshold: Superconducting qubits poised for fault-tolerant quantum computing
• Superconducting Qubits: Current State of Play
• Quantum Error Correction for Quantum Memories
• State preservation by repetitive error detection in a superconducting quantum circuit
• Simple pulses for elimination of leakage in weakly nonlinear qubits
• Realization of Three-Qubit Quantum Error Correction with Superconducting Circuits
• Detecting arbitrary quantum errors via stabilizer measurements on a sublattice of the surface code
• Fast Scalable State Measurement with Superconducting Qubits
• A tunable coupling scheme for implementing high-fidelity two-qubit gates
• Experimental Quantum Computations on a Topologically Encoded Qubit
• Repeated Quantum Error Detection in a Surface Code
• Demonstrating a Continuous Set of Two-qubit Gates for Near-term Quantum Algorithms
• Implementing a strand of a scalable fault-tolerant quantum computing fabric
• Fast Reset and Suppressing Spontaneous Emission of a Superconducting Qubit
• Detecting bit-flip errors in a logical qubit using stabilizer measurements
• Measuring and Suppressing Quantum State Leakage in a Superconducting Qubit
• Demonstrating a Driven Reset Protocol of a Superconducting Qubit
• Fast and Unconditional All-Microwave Reset of a Superconducting Qubit
• Measurement-induced state transitions in a superconducting qubit: Beyond the rotating wave approximation
• Demonstration of weight-four parity measurements in the surface code architecture
• Fast adiabatic qubit gates using only ${\sigma }_z$ control
• A fast, low-leakage, high-fidelity two-qubit gate for a programmable superconducting quantum computer
• Quantum theory of a bandpass Purcell filter for qubit readout
• Density-matrix simulation of small surface codes under current and projected experimental noise
• Entanglement Stabilization using Parity Detection and Real-Time Feedback in Superconducting Circuits
• Protecting quantum entanglement from leakage and qubit errors via repetitive parity measurements
• Leakage detection for a transmon-based surface code
• Towards practical classical processing for the surface code: timing analysis
• Quantifying the effects of local many-qubit errors and non-local two-qubit errors on the surface code
• Constraints on scattering amplitudes in multistate Landau-Zener theory
• Engineering Cross Resonance Interaction in Multi-modal Quantum Circuits

Cited by in corpus (81)

• Suppressing quantum errors by scaling a surface code logical qubit
• Realizing Repeated Quantum Error Correction in a Distance-Three Surface Code
• Exponential suppression of bit or phase flip errors with repetitive error correction
• Resolving catastrophic error bursts from cosmic rays in large arrays of superconducting qubits
• Fluxonium: an alternative qubit platform for high-fidelity operations
• Erasure conversion in a high-fidelity Rydberg quantum simulator
• Logical-qubit operations in an error-detecting surface code
• Fast readout and reset of a superconducting qubit coupled to a resonator with an intrinsic Purcell filter
• Noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers
• Quantum control of bosonic modes with superconducting circuits
• Matching and maximum likelihood decoding of a multi-round subsystem quantum error correction experiment
• Stable Quantum-Correlated Many Body States through Engineered Dissipation
• Overcoming leakage in scalable quantum error correction
• Learning to Decode the Surface Code with a Recurrent, Transformer-Based Neural Network
• Rapid and Unconditional Parametric Reset Protocol for Tunable Superconducting Qubits
• Relaxing Hardware Requirements for Surface Code Circuits using Time-dynamics
• Measurement-Induced State Transitions in a Superconducting Qubit: Within the Rotating Wave Approximation
• Dual-rail encoding with superconducting cavities
• Reducing leakage of single-qubit gates for superconducting quantum processors using analytical control pulse envelopes
• Demonstrating a long-coherence dual-rail erasure qubit using tunable transmons
• Noise-assisted digital quantum simulation of open systems
• A hardware-efficient leakage-reduction scheme for quantum error correction with superconducting transmon qubits
• Coupler-Assisted Controlled-Phase Gate with Enhanced Adiabaticity
• Quantum circuits for exact unitary $t$-designs and applications to higher-order randomized benchmarking
• Absolutely Stable Spatiotemporal Order in Noisy Quantum Systems
• Engineering dissipation with resistive elements in circuit quantum electrodynamics
• Model-based Optimization of Superconducting Qubit Readout
• Learning correlated noise in a 39-qubit quantum processor
• Mitigation of quasiparticle loss in superconducting qubits by phonon scattering
• Quantum bath suppression in a superconducting circuit by immersion cooling
• Embedding Quantum Many-Body Scars into Decoherence-Free Subspaces
• Fast Flux-Activated Leakage Reduction for Superconducting Quantum Circuits
• Circuit-based leakage-to-erasure conversion in a neutral atom quantum processor
• Nonequilibrium heat transport and work with a single artificial atom coupled to a waveguide: emission without external driving
• Demonstration of low-overhead quantum error correction codes
• Experimental error suppression in Cross-Resonance gates via multi-derivative pulse shaping
• High-performance repetition cat code using fast noisy operations
• Efficient initialization of fluxonium qubits based on auxiliary energy levels
• Codesign of quantum error-correcting codes and modular chiplets in the presence of defects
• Initial experimental results on a superconducting-qubit reset based on photon-assisted quasiparticle tunneling
• Neural network decoder for near-term surface-code experiments
• Benchmarking quantum gates and circuits
• Optimized noise-assisted simulation of the Lindblad equation with time-dependent coefficients on a noisy quantum processor
• 99.9%-fidelity in measuring a superconducting qubit
• Optimization of decoder priors for accurate quantum error correction
• A generalized cycle benchmarking algorithm for characterizing mid-circuit measurements
• Multi-Purpose Architecture for Fast Reset and Protective Readout of Superconducting Qubits
• Anomalous distribution of magnetization in an Ising spin glass with correlated disorder
• Local Clustering Decoder as a fast and adaptive hardware decoder for the surface code
• Designing fast quantum gates using optimal control with a reinforcement-learning ansatz
• Realizing Lattice Surgery on Two Distance-Three Repetition Codes with Superconducting Qubits
• Realizing a class of stabilizer quantum error correction codes using a single ancilla and circular connectivity
• Detrimental non-Markovian errors for surface code memory
• Surface Code with Imperfect Erasure Checks
• Parametric multi-element coupling architecture for coherent and dissipative control of superconducting qubits
• Quantum State Transfer via a Multimode Resonator
• Qubit assignment using time reversal
• Effect of quantum error correction on detection-induced coherent errors
• Precise certification of a qubit space
• Semi-device-independent certification of quantum non-Markovianity using sequential Random Access Codes
• Balanced cross-Kerr coupling for superconducting qubit readout
• Quantum error detection in qubit-resonator star architecture
• Fast quantum gate design with deep reinforcement learning using real-time feedback on readout signals
• Geodesic Algorithm for Unitary Gate Design with Time-Independent Hamiltonians
• Leakage in restless quantum gate calibration
• Continuous monitoring for noisy intermediate-scale quantum processors
• Multi-time quantum process tomography on a superconducting qubit
• Practical quantum error correction with the XZZX code and Kerr-cat qubits
• Multimode Purcell Filter for Superconducting-Qubit Reset and Readout with Intrinsic Purcell Protection
• Flexible Readout and Unconditional Reset for Superconducting Multi-Qubit Processors with Tunable Purcell Filters
• Transversal CNOT gate with multi-cycle error correction
• Optimizing the frequency positioning of tunable couplers in a circuit QED processor to mitigate spectator effects on quantum operations
• Accurate Leakage Speculation for Quantum Error Correction
• Leakage Mobility in Superconducting Qubits as a Leakage Reduction Unit
• Incoherent Approximation of Leakage in Quantum Error Correction
• Conceptual study of a two-layer silicon pixel detector to tag the passage of muons from cosmic sources through quantum processors
• Low-rank optimal control of quantum devices
• Passive leakage removal unit based on a disordered transmon array
• Logical operations with a dynamical qubit in Floquet-Bacon-Shor code
• Feedforward suppression of readout-induced faults in quantum error correction
• Blind-spots of Randomized Benchmarking Under Temporal Correlations