A generalized precession parameter ${\chi }_{\mathrm{p}}$ to interpret gravitational-wave data

Abstract

Originally designed for waveform approximants, the effective precession parameter ${\chi }_{\mathrm{p}}$ is the most commonly used quantity to characterize spin-precession effects in gravitational-wave observations of black-hole binary coalescences. We point out that the current definition of ${\chi }_{\mathrm{p}}$ retains some, but not all, variations taking place on the precession timescale. We rectify this inconsistency and propose more general definitions that either fully consider or fully average those oscillations. Our generalized parameter ${\chi }_{\mathrm{p}}\in [0,2]$ presents an exclusive region ${\chi }_{\mathrm{p}}>1$ that can only be populated by binaries with two precessing spins. We apply our prescriptions to current LIGO/Virgo events and find that posterior distributions of ${\chi }_{\mathrm{p}}$ tend to show longer tails at larger values. This appears to be a generic feature, implying that (i) current ${\chi }_{\mathrm{p}}$ measurement errors might be underestimated, but also that (ii) evidence for spin precession in current data might be stronger than previously inferred. Among the gravitational-wave events released to date, that which shows the most striking behavior is GW190521.

12 pages, 6 figures, 1 table. Published in PRD. Software available at https://github.com/dgerosa/generalizedchip

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• GW190521: tracing imprints of spin-precession on the most massive black hole binary
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• Efficient multi-timescale dynamics of precessing black-hole binaries
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• GRMHD study of accreting massive black hole binaries in astrophysical environment: a review
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• Implementation of a generalized precession parameter in the RIFT parameter estimation algorithm
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• Signatures of Hierarchical Mergers in Black Hole Spin and Mass distribution
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• EFPE: Efficient fully precessing eccentric gravitational waveforms for binaries with long inspirals
• Measuring spin precession from massive black hole binaries with gravitational waves: insights from time-domain signal morphology
• The Missing Multipole Problem: Investigating biases from model starting frequency in gravitational-wave analyses
• Reconsidering the consistent use of precessing, higher order multipole models for gravitational wave analyses