Radiative Supernova Remnants and Supernova Feedback

Abstract

Supernova (SN) explosions are a major feedback mechanism regulating star formation in galaxies through their momentum input. We review the observations of SNRs in radiative stages in the Milky Way to validate the theoretical results on the momentum/energy injection from a single SN explosion. For seven SNRs where we can observe fast-expanding, atomic radiative shells, we show that the shell momentum inferred from HI 21 cm line observations is in the range of (0.5--4.5)$\times 10^5$ $M_{\odot }$ km s${}^{-1}$. In two SNRs (W44 and IC 443), shocked molecular gas with momentum comparable to that of the atomic SNR shells has been also observed. We compare the momentum and kinetic/thermal energy of these seven SNRs with the results from 1D and 3D numerical simulations. The observation-based momentum and kinetic energy agree well with the expected momentum/energy input from an SN explosion of $\sim 10^{51}$ erg. It is much more difficult to use data/model comparisons of thermal energy to constrain the initial explosion energy, however, due to rapid cooling and complex physics at the hot/cool interface in radiative SNRs. We discuss the observational and theoretical uncertainties of these global parameters and explosion energy estimates for SNRs in complex environments.

44 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal

References in corpus (32)

• Theory of Star Formation
• HI4PI: A full-sky HI survey based on EBHIS and GASS
• The Boston University-Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory Galactic Ring Survey
• The Athena++ Adaptive Mesh Refinement Framework: Design and Magnetohydrodynamic Solvers
• The SEGUE Stellar Parameter Pipeline. I. Description and Initial Validation Tests
• The VLA Galactic Plane Survey
• Momentum Injection by Supernovae in the Interstellar Medium
• Escape fraction of ionizing photons during reionization: effects due to supernova feedback and runaway OB stars
• Simultaneous Acceleration of Protons and Electrons at Nonrelativistic Quasiparallel Collisionless Shocks
• Hydrodynamical Coupling of Mass and Momentum in Multiphase Galactic Winds
• Mutual influence of supernovae and molecular clouds
• Snap, Crackle, Pop: sub-grid supernova feedback in AMR simulations of disk galaxies
• Supernova Remnants Interacting with Molecular Clouds: X-ray and Gamma-ray Signatures
• XMM-Newton observations of the supernova remnant IC443: I. soft X-ray emission from shocked interstellar medium
• Three Dimensional Hydrodynamic Simulations of Multiphase Galactic Disks with Star Formation Feedback: II. Synthetic HI 21 cm Line Observations
• Modeling Bright Gamma-ray and Radio Emission at Fast Cloud Shocks
• Galactic Spiral Shocks with Thermal Instability
• Numerical Simulations of Supernova Remnant Evolution in a Cloudy Interstellar Medium
• Non-equilibrium ionization in mixed-morphology supernova remnants
• Candidate radio supernova remnants observed by the GLEAM survey over $345^{\circ }<l<60^{\circ }$ and $180^{\circ }<l<240^{\circ }$
• Ly-alpha Radiative Transfer: Monte-Carlo Simulation of the Wouthuysen-Field Effect
• Deep XMM-Newton Observations Reveal the Origin of Recombining Plasma in the Supernova Remnant W44
• The Search for Faint Radio Supernova Remnants in the Outer Galaxy: Five New Discoveries
• The Metal-enriched Thermal Composite Supernova Remnant Kesteven 41 (G337.8-0.1) in a Molecular Environment
• Thermal instability and multi-phase interstellar medium in the first galaxies
• Near-infrared [Fe II] and H${}_2$ Emission-line Study of Galactic Supernova Remnants in the First Quadrant
• Simulations of Mixed Morphology Supernova Remnants With Anisotropic Thermal Conduction
• A "Missing" Supernova Remnant revealed by the 21-cm Line of Atomic Hydrogen
• Faint HI 21-cm Emission Line Wings at Forbidden-Velocities
• Momentum and energy injection by a supernova remnant into an inhomogeneous medium
• Colliding interstellar bubbles in the direction of l=54°
• Dynamical evolution of supernova remnants breaking through molecular clouds