First all-flavor search for transient neutrino emission using 3-years of IceCube DeepCore data

Abstract

Since the discovery of a flux of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos, searches for their origins have focused primarily at TeV-PeV energies. Compared to sub-TeV searches, high-energy searches benefit from an increase in the neutrino cross section, improved angular resolution on the neutrino direction, and a reduced background from atmospheric neutrinos and muons. However, the focus on high energy does not preclude the existence of sub-TeV neutrino emission where IceCube retains sensitivity. Here we present the first all-flavor search from IceCube for transient emission of low-energy neutrinos, focusing on the energy region of 5.6-100 GeV using three years of data obtained with the IceCube-DeepCore detector. We find no evidence of transient neutrino emission in the data, thus leading to a constraint on the volumetric rate of astrophysical transient sources in the range of $\sim 705-2301{\text{Gpc}}^{-3}{\text{yr}}^{-1}$ for sources following a subphotospheric energy spectrum with a mean energy of 100 GeV and a bolometric energy of $10^{52}$ erg.

16 pages, 10 figures. Update from previous arXiv version reflects a change to the title, minor text edits, and additional description of the statistical derivation of the results, which were all part of the JCAP review process

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• Search for sub-TeV Neutrino Emission from Novae with IceCube-DeepCore
• Detection prospects for multi-GeV neutrinos from collisionally heated GRBs
• Prospects for Observing Astrophysical Transients with GeV Neutrinos
• Atmospheric Lepton Fluxes via Two-Dimensional Matrix Cascade Equations