Unbounded randomness from uncharacterized sources
arXiv:2010.05798 · doi:10.1038/s42005-022-01038-3
Abstract
Randomness is a central feature of quantum mechanics and an invaluable resource for both classical and quantum technologies. Commonly, in Device-Independent and Semi-Device-Independent scenarios, randomness is certified using projective measurements and the amount of certified randomness is bounded by the dimension of the measured quantum system. In this work, we propose a new Source-Device-Independent protocol, based on Positive Operator Valued Measurement (POVM), which can arbitrarily increase the number of certified bits for any fixed dimension. A tight lower-bound on the quantum conditional min-entropy is derived using only the POVM structure and the experimental expectation values, taking into account the quantum side-information. For symmetrical POVM measurements on the Bloch sphere we have derived closed-form analytical bounds. Finally, we experimentally demonstrate our method with a compact and simple photonic setup that employs polarization-encoded qubits and POVM up to 6 outcomes.
arXiv comment9 pages, 6 figures
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