The Solar Neighborhood. XLVI. Revealing New M Dwarf Binaries and their Orbital Architectures

Abstract

We use 20 years of astrometric data from the RECONS program on the CTIO/SMARTS 0.9-m to provide new insight into multiple star systems in the solar neighborhood. We provide new and updated parallaxes for 210 systems and derive nine high-quality astrometric orbits with periods of 2.49 - 16.63 years. Using a total of 542 systems' parallaxes from RECONS, we compare systems within 25 parsecs to Gaia DR2 to define criteria for selecting unresolved astrometric multiples from the DR2 results. We find that three out of four unresolved multi-star red dwarf systems within 25 pc in DR2 have parallax_error $\ge 0.32$ mas, astrometric_gof_al $\ge 56$, astrometric_excess_noise_sig $\ge 108.0$, ruwe $\ge 2.0$, and parallaxes more than $\sim$10% different than the long-term RECONS results. These criteria have broad applications to any work targeting nearby stars, from studies seeking binary systems to efforts targeting single stars for planet searches.

Accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journal. 23 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables. Contact corresponding author for full electronic tables

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• The Solar Neighborhood XLIX: New Discoveries and Orbits of M Dwarf Multiples with Speckle Interferometry at SOAR
• Stellar Cycles in Fully Convective Stars and a New Interpretation of Dynamo Evolution
• A Dearth of Close-In Stellar Companions to M-dwarf TESS Objects of Interest
• The POKEMON Speckle Survey of Nearby M Dwarfs. I. New Discoveries
• The Solar Neighborhood XLVII: Comparing M Dwarf Models with Hubble Space Telescope Dynamical Masses and Spectroscopy
• EDEN Survey: Small Transiting Planet Detection Limits and Constraints on the Occurrence Rates for Late M Dwarfs within 15 pc
• Detecting New Visual Binaries in Gaia DR3 with Gaia and 2MASS Photometry I. New Candidate Binaries Within 200 pc of the Sun
• A catalog of nearby accelerating star candidates in Gaia DR3
• The family of V1311 Ori: a young sextuple system or a mini-cluster?
• The Solar Neighborhood LII: M Dwarf Twin Binaries -- Presumed Identical Twins Appear Fraternal in Variability, Rotation, H$\alpha$, and X-rays
• L 363-38 b: a planet newly discovered with ESPRESSO orbiting a nearby M dwarf star
• The Solar Neighborhood. LV. M Dwarf Twin Binaries -- One in Five Twin Sibling Pairs Are Mismatched in Activity and/or Rotation
• Constraints on the Spindown of Fully-Convective M Dwarfs Using Wide Field Binaries
• An Adaptive Optics Census of Companions to Northern Stars Within 25 pc with Robo-AO