High-Bandwidth, Variable-Resistance Differential Noise Thermometry

Abstract

We develop Johnson noise thermometry applicable to mesoscopic devices with variable source impedance with high bandwidth for fast data acquisition. By implementing differential noise measurement and two-stage impedance matching, we demonstrate noise measurement in the frequency range 120-250 MHz with a wide sample resistance range 30 Ω-100 kΩ tuned by gate voltages and temperature. We employ high-frequency, single-ended low noise amplifiers maintained at a constant cryogenic temperature in order to maintain the desired low noise temperature. We achieve thermometer calibration with temperature precision up to 650 mK on a 10 K background with 30 s of averaging. Using this differential noise thermometry technique, we measure thermal conductivity on a bilayer graphene sample spanning the metallic and semiconducting regimes in a wide resistance range, and we compare it to the electrical conductivity.

arXiv comment9 pages, 4 figures; submitted to Review of Scientific Instruments

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Cited by in corpus (4)

• Ultra-fast calorimetric measurements of the electronic heat capacity of graphene
• Electronic Thermal Transport Measurement in Low-Dimensional Materials with Graphene Nonlocal Noise Thermometry
• Relation between Johnson Noise and heating power in a two-terminal conductor
• Resolving the Corbino Shockley-Ramo Paradox for Hydrodynamic Current Noise