The Ionised- and Cool-Gas Content of The BR1202-0725 System as seen by MUSE and ALMA

Abstract

We present MUSE observations of the gas-rich major-merger BR1202-0725 at z~4.7, which constitutes one of the most overdense fields known in the early Universe. We utilise these data in conjunction with existing ALMA observations to compare and contrast the spatially resolved ionised- and cool-gas content of this system which hosts a quasar (QSO), a sub-millimeter galaxy (SMG), the two known optical companions ("LAE1", "LAE2"), and an additional companion discovered in this work "LAE3" just 5 arcsec to the North of the QSO. We find that QSO BR1202-0725 exhibits a large Ly$\alpha$ halo, covering $\approx 55$ pkpc on-sky at surface brightness levels of SB$\ge$1E-17 erg/s/cm${}^2$/arcsec${}^2$. In contrast, the SMG, of similar far-infrared luminosity and star formation rate (SFR), does not exhibit such a Ly$\alpha$ halo. The QSO's halo exhibits high velocity widths ($\sim 1000$ km/s) but the gas motion is to some extent kinematically coupled with the previously observed [CII] bridge between the QSO and the SMG. We note that the object known in the literature as LAE2 shows no local peak of Ly$\alpha$ emission, rather, its profile is more consistent with being part of the QSO's extended Ly$\alpha$ halo. The properties of LAE3 are typical of high-redshift LAEs; we measure F${}_{\mathrm{Ly}\alpha }$(LAE3) = $0.24\pm$0.03E-16 erg/s/cm${}^2$, corresponding to SFR${}_{\mathrm{Ly}\alpha }\approx$5.0$\pm$0.5 M${}_{\odot }$/yr. The velocity width is $\Delta v$(LAE3) $\approx 400$ km/s, and equivalent width EW${}_0$(Ly${\alpha }_{5\sigma }^{lim})\ge 34.05$ $A$, consistent with star formation being the primary driver of Ly$\alpha$ emission. We also note a coherent absorption feature at $\sim -400$km/s in spectra from at least three objects; the QSO, LAE1 and "LAE2" which could imply the presence of an expanding neutral gas shell with an extent of at least $24$ pkpc.

23 pages, accepted for publication in ApJ

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