Clumpiness: Time-domain classification of red-giant evolutionary states

Abstract

Long, high-quality time-series data provided by previous space-missions such as CoRoT and $Kepler$ have made it possible to derive the evolutionary state of red-giant stars, i.e. whether the stars are hydrogen-shell burning around an inert helium core or helium-core burning, from their individual oscillation modes. We utilise data from the $Kepler$ mission to develop a tool to classify the evolutionary state for the large number of stars being observed in the current era of K2, TESS and for the future PLATO mission. These missions provide new challenges for evolutionary state classification given the large number of stars being observed and the shorter observing duration of the data. We propose a new method, $\mathtt{Clumpiness}$, based upon a supervised classification scheme that uses "summary statistics" of the time series, combined with distance information from the Gaia mission to predict the evolutionary state. Applying this to red giants in the APOKASC catalogue, we obtain a classification accuracy of ~91% for the full 4 years of $Kepler$ data, for those stars that are either only hydrogen-shell burning or also helium-core burning. We also applied the method to shorter $Kepler$ datasets, mimicking CoRoT, K2 and TESS achieving an accuracy >91% even for the 27 day time series. This work paves the way towards fast, reliable classification of vast amounts of relatively short-time-span data with a few, well-engineered features.

16 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

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• APOKASC-3: The Third Joint Spectroscopic and Asteroseismic catalog for Evolved Stars in the Kepler Fields
• Classifying Kepler light curves for 12,000 A and F stars using supervised feature-based machine learning
• TESS Data for Asteroseismology (T'DA) Stellar Variability Classification Pipeline: Set-Up and Application to the Kepler Q9 Data
• The K2 Galactic Archaeology Program Data Release 2: Asteroseismic results from campaigns 4, 6, & 7
• Multiscale entropy analysis of astronomical time series. Discovering subclusters of hybrid pulsators
• Revisiting the Red-giant Branch Hosts KOI-3886 and $\iota$ Draconis. Detailed Asteroseismic Modeling and Consolidated Stellar Parameters
• Red giants evolutionary status determination: the complete Kepler catalog
• Variability of Galactic blue supergiants observed with TESS
• Asteroseismology of iota Draconis and Discovery of an Additional Long-Period Companion
• A 'Quick Look' at All-Sky Galactic Archeology with TESS: 158,000 Oscillating Red Giants from the MIT Quick-Look Pipeline