Qubit spin ice
arXiv:2007.10555 · doi:10.1126/science.abe2824
Abstract
Artificial spin ices are frustrated spin systems that can be engineered, wherein fine tuning of geometry and topology has allowed the design and characterization of exotic emergent phenomena at the constituent level. Here we report a realization of spin ice in a lattice of superconducting qubits. Unlike conventional artificial spin ice, our system is disordered by both quantum and thermal fluctuations. The ground state is classically described by the ice rule, and we achieve control over a fragile degeneracy point leading to a Coulomb phase. The ability to pin individual spins allows us to demonstrate Gauss's law for emergent effective monopoles in two dimensions. The demonstrated qubit control lays the groundwork for potential future study of topologically protected artificial quantum spin liquids.
References in corpus (6)
- Artificial "spin ice" in a geometrically frustrated lattice of nanoscale ferromagnetic islands
- Extensive degeneracy, Coulomb phase and magnetic monopoles in an artificial realization of the square ice model
- Ice Rule and Emergent Frustration in Particle Ice and Beyond
- Qubit spin ice
- Simulating the Shastry-Sutherland Ising Model using Quantum Annealing
- Equilibrium Field Theory of Magnetic Monopoles in Degenerate Square Spin Ice: Correlations, Entropic Interactions, and Charge Screening Regimes
Cited by in corpus (42)
- Qubit spin ice
- Basic Elements for Simulations of Standard Model Physics with Quantum Annealers: Multigrid and Clock States
- The Emergent Fine Structure Constant of Quantum Spin Ice Is Large
- Dynamical fractal and anomalous noise in a clean magnetic crystal
- Simulated quantum annealing as a simulator of non-equilibrium quantum dynamics
- High-quality Thermal Gibbs Sampling with Quantum Annealing Hardware
- Comparing Three Generations of D-Wave Quantum Annealers for Minor Embedded Combinatorial Optimization Problems
- Kagome qubit ice
- Entropy-driven order in an array of nanomagnets
- Field-Induced Partial Disorder in a Shastry-Sutherland Lattice
- Tension-free Dirac strings and steered magnetic charges in 3D artificial spin ice
- Breakdown of the weak coupling limit in quantum annealing
- Simulations of Frustrated Ising Hamiltonians with Quantum Approximate Optimization
- State Preparation in the Heisenberg Model through Adiabatic Spiraling
- Topological Kinetic Crossover in a Nanomagnet Array
- Simulating the Transverse Field Ising Model on the Kagome Lattice using a Programmable Quantum Annealer
- The Colored Noise of Magnetic Monopoles: Subdiffusion in a Coevolving Vacuum and Spin Ice Exponents
- Quantum dynamics of disordered arrays of interacting superconducting qubits: signatures of quantum collective states
- Toroidic phase transitions in a direct-kagome artificial spin ice
- Tutorial: Calibration refinement in quantum annealing
- 4-clique Network Minor Embedding for Quantum Annealers
- Macroscopic Magnetic Monopoles in a 3D-Printed Mechano-Magnet
- Observation of Chiral-Mode Domains in a Frustrated XY Model on Optical Triangular Lattices
- Hybrid Dyons, inverted Lorentz force and magnetic Nernst effect in quantum spin ice
- The Concept of Spin Ice Graphs and a Field Theory for their Topological Monopoles and Charges
- Probing fractional statistics in quantum simulators of spin liquid Hamiltonians
- Quantum annealer accelerates the variational quantum eigensolver in a triple-hybrid algorithm
- Mapping State Transition Susceptibility in Quantum Annealing
- Reverse quantum annealing assisted by forward annealing
- Classical Criticality via Quantum Annealing
- Localization detection based on quantum dynamics
- Crystalline phases and devil's staircase in qubit spin ice
- Gauge-Free Duality in Pure Square Spin Ice: Topological Currents and Monopoles
- Interaction effects of pseudospin-based magnetic monopoles and kinks in a doped dipolar superlattice gas
- Magnetic monopole induced polarons in atomic superlattices
- Co-existing magnetization reversal mechanisms in shakti spin ice systems
- Phase transitions and crtical exponents in the six-vertex model on kagome lattices
- Magnetic Hysteresis Experiments Performed on Quantum Annealers
- Boltzmann Sampling of Frustrated J1 - J2 Ising Models with Programmable Quantum Annealers
- Quantum annealing and condensed matter physics
- Ice on curved surfaces: defect rings and differential local dynamics
- Topological geometric frustration in a cube-surface artificial spin ice