Seeds of Life in Space (SOLIS). X. Interstellar Complex Organic Molecules in the NGC 1333 IRAS 4A outflows

Abstract

Aims: A unique environment to study how interstellar Complex Organic Molecules (iCOMs) can be formed is the shocked gas along low-mass protostellar outflows, as the dust mantles composition is sputtered into the gas phase. The chemical richness in these environments has been so far studied only in the L1157 blue shifted outflow. Methods: To understand if the L1157-B1 case is unique, we imaged the NGC 1333 IRAS 4A outflows using the NOEMA (NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array) interferometer as part of the IRAM SOLIS (Seeds Of Life in Space) Large Program and compared the observations with the GRAINOBLE+ gas phase astrochemical model. Results: Several iCOMs were detected in the IRAS 4A outflows: methanol (CH${}_3$OH), acetaldehyde (CH${}_3$CHO), formamide (NH${}_2$CHO) and dimethyl ether (CH${}_3$OCH${}_3$), all sampling upper excitation energy up to $\sim$30 K. We found a significant chemical differentiation between the IRAS 4A1 outflow, showing a richer molecular content, and the IRAS 4A2 one. The CH${}_3$OH/CH${}_3$CHO abundance ratio is lower by a factor $\sim$4 in the former; furthermore the ratio in both outflows is lower by a factor $\sim$10 with respect to hot corinos values. Conclusions: After L1157-B1, IRAS 4A outflow is now the second outflow to show an evident chemical complexity. Given that CH${}_3$OH is a grain surface species, GRAINOBLE+ reproduced our observations assuming acetaldehyde formation in gas phase by the reaction of ethyl radical (CH${}_3$CH${}_2$) with atomic oxygen. Moreover, the chemical differentiation between the two outflows suggests that the IRAS 4A1 outflow is likely younger than the IRAS 4A2 one. Further investigation is needed to constrain the age of the outflow and observations of even younger shocks are necessary and future spectroscopic studies on CH${}_3$CH${}_2$ are needed to be able to observe this species and provide strong constraints on the CH${}_3$CHO formation.

12 pages, 7 figures, 5 tables

References in corpus (18)

• Formation of methyl formate and other organic species in the warm-up phase of hot molecular cores
• The ALMA Protostellar Interferometric Line Survey (PILS): First results from an unbiased submillimeter wavelength line survey of the Class 0 protostellar binary IRAS 16293-2422 with ALMA
• Formation of complex organic molecules in cold objects: the role of gas phase reactions
• Formation of Complex Molecules in Prestellar Cores: a Multilayer Approach
• Constraining the abundances of complex organics in the inner regions of solar-type protostars
• Seeds Of Life In Space (SOLIS): The organic composition diversity at 300--1000 au scale in Solar-type star forming regions
• The interstellar gas-phase chemistry of HCN and HNC
• Seeds of Life in Space (SOLIS) III. Formamide in protostellar shocks: evidence for gas-phase formation
• A new modified-rate approach for gas-grain chemical simulations
• Molecules with a peptide link in protostellar shocks: a comprehensive study of L1157
• Complex organics in IRAS 4A revisited with ALMA and PdBI: Striking contrast between two neighbouring protostellar cores
• Reactivity of HCO with CH3 and NH2 on Water Ice Surfaces. A Comprehensive Accurate Quantum Chemistry Study
• Hot Corinos Chemical Diversity: Myth or Reality?
• First image of the L1157 molecular jet by the CALYPSO IRAM-PdBI survey
• Astrochemistry at work in the L1157-B1 shock: acetaldehyde formation
• Glycolaldehyde in Perseus young solar analogs
• Deuterated methanol on Solar System scale around the HH212 protostar
• Molecules in the CepE-mm jet: evidence for shock-driven photochemistry?

Cited by in corpus (18)

• ALMA-IMF I -- Investigating the origin of stellar masses: Introduction to the Large Program and first results
• Gas-phase formation of acetaldehyde: review and new theoretical computations
• Acetaldehyde binding energies: a coupled experimental and theoretical study
• A train of shocks at 3000 au scale? Exploring the clash of an expanding bubble into the NGC 1333 IRAS 4 region. SOLIS XIV
• Chemical Differentiation and Temperature Distribution on a Few au Scale around the Protostellar Source B335
• ALMA-IMF IV -- A comparative study of the main hot cores in W43-MM1: detection, temperature and molecular composition
• FAUST XX. The chemical structure and temperature profile of the IRAS 4A2 hot corino at 20-50 au
• Molecular Distributions of the Disk/Envelope System of L483: Principal Component Analysis for the Image Cube Data
• ALMA-IMF XVI: Mass-averaged temperature of cores and protostellar luminosities in the ALMA-IMF protoclusters
• Modelling the early mass-ejection in jet driven protostellar outflows. Lessons from Cep E
• FAUST XV. A disk wind mapped by CH${}_3$OH and SiO in the inner 300 au of the NGC 1333 IRAS 4A2 protostar
• Interstellar Complex Organic Molecules in SiO-traced massive outflows
• Infrared action spectroscopy as tool for probing gas-phase dynamics: Protonated Dimethyl Ether, (CH${}_3$)${}_2$OH${}^{+}$, formed by the reaction of CH${}_3$OH${}_2^{+}$ with CH${}_3$OH
• Complex Organic Molecules towards the central molecular zone of NGC 253
• PRODIGE - envelope to disk with NOEMA: VII. (Complex) organic molecules in the NGC1333 IRAS4B1 outflow: A new laboratory for shock chemistry
• Sub-arcsecond Imaging of the Complex Organic Chemistry in Massive Star-forming Region G10.6-0.4
• Which molecule traces what: chemical diagnostics of protostellar sources
• Theoretical computations on the efficiency of acetaldehyde formation on interstellar icy grains