Missing Shapiro steps in topologically trivial Josephson Junction on InAs quantum well

Abstract

Josephson junctions hosting Majorana fermions have been predicted to exhibit a 4$\pi$ periodic current phase relation. The experimental consequence of this periodicity is the disappearance of odd steps in Shapiro steps experiments. Experimentally, missing odd Shapiro steps have been observed in a number of materials systems with strong spin-orbit coupling and have been interpreted in the context of topological superconductivity. Here, we report on missing odd steps in topologically trivial Josephson junctions fabricated on InAs quantum wells. We ascribe our observations to the high transparency of our junctions allowing Landau-Zener transitions. The probability of these processes is found to be independent of the drive frequency. We analyze our results using a bi-modal transparency distribution which demonstrates that only few modes carrying 4$\pi$ periodic current are sufficient to describe the disappearance of odd steps. Our findings highlight the elaborate circumstances that have to be considered in the investigation of the 4$\pi$ Josephson junctions in relationship to topological superconductivity.

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