Stable and causal relativistic Navier-Stokes equations

Abstract

Relativistic Navier-Stokes equations express the conservation of the energy-momentum tensor and the particle number current in terms of the local hydrodynamic variables: temperature, fluid velocity, and the chemical potential. We show that the viscous-fluid equations are stable and causal if one adopts suitable non-equilibrium definitions of the hydrodynamic variables.

V2: Appendix on the Landau-Lifshitz frame added

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