Quantum mechanical current-to-voltage conversion with quantum Hall resistance array

Abstract

Accurate measurement of the electric current requires a stable and calculable resistor for an ideal current to voltage conversion. However, the temporal resistance drift of a physical resistor is unavoidable, unlike the quantum Hall resistance directly linked to the Planck constant h and the elementary charge e. Lack of an invariant high resistance leads to a challenge in making small current measurements below 1 muA with an uncertainty better than one part in 106. In this work, we demonstrate a current to voltage conversion in the range from a few nano amps to one microamp with an invariant quantized Hall array resistance. The converted voltage is directly compared with the Josephson voltage reference in the framework of Ohm's law. Markedly distinct from the classical conversion, which relies on an artifact resistance reference, this current-to-voltage conversion does not demand timely resistance calibrations. It improves the precision of current measurement down to 8 10 -8 at 1 muA.

References in corpus (3)

• Single-electron current sources: towards a refined definition of ampere
• Quantum Metrology Triangle Experiments: A Status Review
• Re-evaluation of uncertainty for calibration of $100$ M$\Omega$ and $1$ G$\Omega$ resistors at NPL

Cited by in corpus (5)

• Exceptionally accurate large graphene quantum Hall arrays for the new SI
• A primary quantum current standard based on the Josephson and the quantum Hall effects
• Improvements of the programmable quantum current generator for better traceability of electrical current measurements
• Programmable quantum Hall bisector: towards a novel resistance standard for quantum metrology
• A unified realization of electrical quantities from the quantum International System of Units