Calibrating GONG Magnetograms with End-to-end Instrument Simulation I: Background, the GONG Instrument, and End-to-end Simulation

Abstract

This is the first of three papers describing an `absolute' calibration of the GONG magnetograph using an end-to-end simulation of its measurement process. The input to this simulation is a MURaM 3D MHD photospheric simulation and the output is the corresponding set of simulated data numbers which would be recorded by the GONG detectors. These simulated data numbers are then used to produce `synthetic magnetograms' which can be compared with the simulation inputs. This paper describes the GONG instrument, the MURaM datacube, our instrument simulator, and calculation of synthetic magnetograms, setting the stage for the subsequent two papers. These will first lay groundwork for calibration (and magnetogram comparison in general), then apply them to calibration of GONG using the simulation results.

arXiv commentSubmitted to Solar Physics, first of three papers (the other two are arXiv submissions 3034641 and 3034660)

References in corpus (8)

• The Open Flux Problem
• Advancements in the ADAPT Photospheric Flux Transport Model
• Numerical simulations of sunspot decay: On the penumbra -- Evershed flow -- moat flow connection
• Comparison of Ground- and Space-based Longitudinal Magnetograms
• The influence of NLTE effects in Fe I lines on an inverted atmosphere I. 6301 A and 6302 A lines formed in 1D NLTE
• Calibrating GONG Magnetograms with End-to-end Instrument Simulation III: Comparison, Calibration, and Results
• Calibrating GONG Magnetograms with End-to-end Instrument Simulation I: Background, the GONG Instrument, and End-to-end Simulation
• Calibrating GONG Magnetograms with End-to-end Instrument Simulation II: Theory of Calibration

Cited by in corpus (8)

• Magnetograph Saturation and the Open Flux Problem
• Tracing Halpha Fibrils through Bayesian Deep Learning
• Calibrating GONG Magnetograms with End-to-end Instrument Simulation III: Comparison, Calibration, and Results
• Magnetograms underestimate even unipolar magnetic flux nearly everywhere on the solar disk
• Sensitivity of solar wind mass flux to coronal temperature
• Estimating uncertainties in the back-mapping of the fast solar wind
• Calibrating GONG Magnetograms with End-to-end Instrument Simulation I: Background, the GONG Instrument, and End-to-end Simulation
• Calibrating GONG Magnetograms with End-to-end Instrument Simulation II: Theory of Calibration