Quantum Computer Systems for Scientific Discovery

Abstract

The great promise of quantum computers comes with the dual challenges of building them and finding their useful applications. We argue that these two challenges should be considered together, by co-designing full-stack quantum computer systems along with their applications in order to hasten their development and potential for scientific discovery. In this context, we identify scientific and community needs, opportunities, a sampling of a few use case studies, and significant challenges for the development of quantum computers for science over the next 2--10 years. This document is written by a community of university, national laboratory, and industrial researchers in the field of Quantum Information Science and Technology, and is based on a summary from a U.S. National Science Foundation workshop on Quantum Computing held on October 21--22, 2019 in Alexandria, VA.

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• Experimental demonstration of cheap and accurate phase estimation

Cited by in corpus (114)

• High-threshold and low-overhead fault-tolerant quantum memory
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• Standard Model Physics and the Digital Quantum Revolution: Thoughts about the Interface
• Quantum Simulating Nature's Fundamental Fields
• Noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers
• A dual-element, two-dimensional atom array with continuous-mode operation
• Spiderweb array: A sparse spin-qubit array
• Parameter Transfer for Quantum Approximate Optimization of Weighted MaxCut
• Layer VQE: A Variational Approach for Combinatorial Optimization on Noisy Quantum Computers
• Natural quantum reservoir computing for temporal information processing
• Weak Ergodicity Breaking in the Schwinger Model
• An integrated microwave-to-optics interface for scalable quantum computing
• Supercharged two-dimensional tweezer array with more than 1000 atomic qubits
• The Present and Future of QCD
• Prominent quantum many-body scars in a truncated Schwinger model
• Basic Elements for Simulations of Standard Model Physics with Quantum Annealers: Multigrid and Clock States
• Experimental verification of fluctuation relations with a quantum computer
• Scalable multilayer architecture of assembled single-atom qubit arrays in a three-dimensional Talbot tweezer lattice
• Single Atoms with 6000-Second Trapping Lifetimes in Optical-Tweezer Arrays at Cryogenic Temperatures
• Partonic collinear structure by quantum computing
• A perspective on protein structure prediction using quantum computers
• Tuning the Topological $\theta$-Angle in Cold-Atom Quantum Simulators of Gauge Theories
• Experimental simulation of open quantum system dynamics via Trotterization
• Skyrmion Qubits: Challenges For Future Quantum Computing Applications
• Stabilizing lattice gauge theories through simplified local pseudo generators
• Solving correlation clustering with QAOA and a Rydberg qudit system: a full-stack approach
• Hybrid quantum algorithms for flow problems
• Probing confinement in a ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ lattice gauge theory on a quantum computer
• Artificial Intelligence for Quantum Computing
• Observing Quantum Synchronization of a Single Trapped-Ion Qubit
• The Reservoir Learning Power across Quantum Many-Boby Localization Transition
• Hybrid Quantum Investment Optimization with Minimal Holding Period
• Simulation of quantum many-body dynamics with Tensor Processing Units: Floquet prethermalization
• Sampling Frequency Thresholds for Quantum Advantage of Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm
• Certified randomness using a trapped-ion quantum processor
• Seeking a quantum advantage with trapped-ion quantum simulations of condensed-phase chemical dynamics
• Penning micro-trap for quantum computing
• Quantum time dynamics of 1D-Heisenberg models employing the Yang-Baxter equation for circuit compression
• Infinite-randomness criticality in monitored quantum dynamics with static disorder
• Performance analysis of multi-shot shadow estimation
• Dynamical quantum phase transitions in spin-$S$ $\mathrm{U}(1)$ quantum link models
• Hybrid Oscillator-Qubit Quantum Processors: Instruction Set Architectures, Abstract Machine Models, and Applications
• Hilbert curve vs Hilbert space: exploiting fractal 2D covering to increase tensor network efficiency
• Simulating lossy Gaussian boson sampling with matrix product operators
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• Robust Quantum Gates against Correlated Noise in Integrated Quantum Chips
• Performance Evaluation and Acceleration of the QTensor Quantum Circuit Simulator on GPUs
• Ultrastrong tunable coupler between superconducting LC resonators
• A Cold-Atom Particle Collider
• Disorder-free localization with Stark gauge protection
• Networked Quantum Services
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• Rethinking Certification for Trustworthy Machine Learning-Based Applications
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• Quantum Continual Learning Overcoming Catastrophic Forgetting
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• Many-body entropies and entanglement from polynomially-many local measurements
• An Optimization Case Study for solving a Transport Robot Scheduling Problem on Quantum-Hybrid and Quantum-Inspired Hardware
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• Entanglement and confinement in lattice gauge theory tensor networks
• Building a Quantum Engineering Undergraduate Program
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• Quantum Many-Body Scarring in a Non-Abelian Lattice Gauge Theory
• Fluctuation Spectroscopy of Two-Level Systems in Superconducting Resonators
• Fast and High-Yield Loading of a D${}_2$ MOT of Potassium from a Cryogenic Buffer Gas Beam
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• Parameterized Hamiltonian simulation using quantum optimal control
• Wavelength conversion for single-photon polarization qubits through continuous variable quantum teleportation
• Quantum Dynamics Simulation of the Advection-Diffusion Equation
• A quantum information perspective on meson melting
• Quantum Algorithm for Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics
• Controlled remote implementation of operations via graph states
• Plane-selective manipulations of nuclear spin qubits in a three-dimensional optical tweezer array
• Quantum spin Hall states in the lateral heteromonolayers of WTe2-MoTe2
• Entanglement Witnessing for Lattice Gauge Theories
• Efficient site-resolved imaging and spin-state detection in dynamic two-dimensional ion crystals
• Generally noise-resilient quantum gates for trapped-ions
• Response of quantum spin networks to attacks
• Approximate inverse measurement channel for shallow shadows
• Quantum Circuit Distillation and Compression
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• Simulating spin dynamics with quantum computers
• Machine learning non-Markovian two-level quantum noise spectroscopy
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• On the optimality of optical pumping for a closed $\Lambda$-system with large decay rates of the intermediate excited state
• Mass-Assisted Local Deconfinement in a Confined ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ Lattice Gauge Theory
• Investigating High School and Pre-High School Teachers' Perceptions and Experiences Introducing Quantum Concepts: A Survey of QuanTime and other Quantum-related Activities
• Building Bridges in Quantum Information Science Education: Expert Insights to Guide Framework Development for Interdisciplinary Teaching and Evolution of Common Language
• Light-Assisted Collisions in Tweezer-Trapped Lanthanides
• Do we have a quantum computer? Expert perspectives on current status and future prospects
• Achieving the quantum field theory limit in far-from-equilibrium quantum link models
• Doubly-ionized lanthanum as a qubit candidate for quantum networks
• Ground-state phase diagram of quantum link electrodynamics in $(2+1)$-d
• Prolegomena To Any Future Device Physics
• High-dimensional quantum communication with scalable photonic entanglement in time and frequency
• Relativistic meson spectra on ion-trap quantum simulators
• Learning mixed quantum states in large-scale experiments
• Markovian heat engine boosted by quantum coherence
• Purity benchmarking study of error coherence in a single Xmon qubit
• Performance evaluation of variational quantum eigensolver and quantum dynamics algorithms on the advection-diffusion equation