Model-independent Distance Calibration and Curvature Measurement using Quasars and Cosmic Chronometers

Abstract

We present a new model-independent method to determine the spatial curvature and to mitigate the circularity problem affecting the use of quasars as distance indicators. The cosmic-chronometer measurements are used to construct the curvature-dependent luminosity distance $D_L^{\mathrm{cal}}({\Omega }_K,z)$ using a polynomial fit. Based on the reconstructed $D_L^{\mathrm{cal}}({\Omega }_K,z)$ and the known ultraviolet versus X-ray luminosity correlation of quasars, we simultaneously place limits on the curvature parameter ${\Omega }_K$ and the parameters characterizing the luminosity correlation function. This model-independent analysis suggests that a mildly closed Universe (${\Omega }_K=-0.918\pm 0.429$) is preferred at the $2.1\sigma$ level. With the calibrated luminosity correlation, we build a new data set consisting of 1598 quasar distance moduli, and use these calibrated measurements to test and compare the standard $\Lambda$CDM model and the $R_{\mathrm{h}}=ct$ universe. Both models account for the data very well, though the optimized flat $\Lambda$CDM model has one more free parameter than $R_{\mathrm{h}}=ct$, and is penalized more heavily by the Bayes Information Criterion. We find that $R_{\mathrm{h}}=ct$ is slightly favoured over $\Lambda$CDM with a likelihood of $\sim 57.7\%$ versus 42.3\%.

arXiv comment8 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ

References in corpus (49)

• emcee: The MCMC Hammer
• Detection of the Baryon Acoustic Peak in the Large-Scale Correlation Function of SDSS Luminous Red Galaxies
• The Complete Light-curve Sample of Spectroscopically Confirmed Type Ia Supernovae from Pan-STARRS1 and Cosmological Constraints from The Combined Pantheon Sample
• Large Magellanic Cloud Cepheid Standards Provide a 1% Foundation for the Determination of the Hubble Constant and Stronger Evidence for Physics Beyond LambdaCDM
• A luminous quasar at a redshift of z = 7.085
• Cosmological Constraints from the SDSS Luminous Red Galaxies
• An 800-million-solar-mass black hole in a significantly neutral Universe at redshift 7.5
• Constraining Cosmological Parameters Based on Relative Galaxy Ages
• An ultra-luminous quasar with a twelve-billion-solar-mass black hole at redshift 6.30
• Cosmological implications of baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements
• Hubble Parameter and Baryon Acoustic Oscillation Measurement Constraints on the Hubble Constant, the Deviation from the Spatially-Flat $\Lambda$cdm Model, The Deceleration-Acceleration Transition Redshift, and Spatial Curvature
• A Hubble Diagram for Quasars
• The tight relation between X-ray and ultraviolet luminosity of quasars
• The R_h = ct Universe
• Reconstruction of the deceleration parameter and the equation of state of dark energy
• Dynamical Dark Energy or Simply Cosmic Curvature?
• Tension with the flat ΛCDM model from a high redshift Hubble Diagram of supernovae, quasars and gamma-ray bursts
• The Cosmic Horizon
• Quasars as standard candles I: The physical relation between disc and coronal emission
• Model independent tests of the standard cosmological model
• New test of the FLRW metric using the distance sum rule
• Null test of the cosmic curvature using $H(z)$ and supernovae data
• Addressing the circularity problem in the $E_{\text{p}}-E_{\text{iso}}$ correlation of Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Probing for dynamics of dark energy and curvature of universe with latest cosmological observations
• Constraints on Dark Energy from Supernovae, Gamma Ray Bursts, Acoustic Oscillations, Nucleosynthesis and Large Scale Structure and the Hubble constant
• Curvature vs Distances: testing the FLRW cosmology
• The R_h=ct Universe Without Inflation
• An Improved Method to Measure the Cosmic Curvature
• Planck 2015 constraints on the non-flat $\Lambda$CDM inflation model
• Model-independent test of the FLRW metric, the flatness of the Universe, and non-local measurement of $H_0{r}_{\mathrm{d}}$
• Metric Tests for Curvature from Weak Lensing and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations
• A Comparative Analysis of the Supernova Legacy Survey Sample with ΛCDM and the $R_{\mathrm{h}}=ct$ Universe
• Constraining cosmic curvature by using age of galaxies and gravitational lenses
• New Model-independent Method to Test the Curvature of the Universe
• The distance sum rule from strong lensing systems and quasars - test of cosmic curvature and beyond
• Planck 2015 constraints on the non-flat $\varphi$CDM inflation model
• Model-independent Curvature Determination from Gravitational-Wave Standard Sirens and Cosmic Chronometers
• Model-independent estimations for the curvature from standard candles and clocks
• Implication of Dark Energy Parametrizations on the Determination of the Curvature of the Universe
• Cosmic Curvature Tested Directly from Observations
• Model-independent determination of curvature parameter by using $H(z)$ and $D_A(z)$ data pair from BAO measurement
• Revisiting Studies of the Statistical Property of a Strong Gravitational Lens System and Model-independent Constraint on the Curvature of the Universe
• On the determination of curvature and dynamical Dark Energy
• Cosmological test using the Hubble diagram of high-z quasars
• Model-independent Constraints on Cosmic Curvature and Opacity
• Cosmological test with the QSO Hubble diagram
• Test of the FLRW metric and curvature with strong lens time delays
• Curvature from strong gravitational lensing: a spatially closed Universe or systematics?
• Using spatial curvature with HII galaxies and cosmic chronometers to explore the tension in $H_0$

Cited by in corpus (29)

• The CosmoVerse White Paper: Addressing observational tensions in cosmology with systematics and fundamental physics
• Using quasar X-ray and UV flux measurements to constrain cosmological model parameters
• Determining the range of validity of quasar X-ray and UV flux measurements for constraining cosmological model parameters
• Do quasar X-ray and UV flux measurements provide a useful test of cosmological models?
• Kinematic constraints beyond $z\simeq 0$ using calibrated GRB correlations
• Cosmological constraints from higher-redshift gamma-ray burst, HII starburst galaxy, and quasar (and other) data
• Tracing dark energy history with gamma ray bursts
• High-redshift cosmography: Application and comparison with different methods
• Constraining the curvature density parameter in cosmology
• Testing cosmic anisotropy with Pantheon sample and quasars at high redshifts
• Physical vs phantom dark energy after DESI: thawing quintessence in a curved background
• Measurement on the cosmic curvature using the Gaussian process method
• Exploring the Hubble Tension and Spatial Curvature from the Ages of Old Astrophysical Objects
• Model-independent constraints on cosmic curvature: implication from the future gravitational wave observation DECIGO
• Constraining minimally extended varying speed of light by cosmological chronometers
• Multiple measurements of gravitational waves acting as standard probes: model-independent constraints on the cosmic curvature with DECIGO
• Test of the cosmic distance duality relation for arbitrary spatial curvature
• Constraints on Cosmological Models from Quasars Calibrated with Type Ia Supernova by a Gaussian Process
• Investigating the relationship between cosmic curvature and dark energy models with the latest supernova sample
• Model-independent way to determine the Hubble constant and the curvature from phase shift of gravitational waves with DECIGO
• Redshift-evolutionary X-ray and UV luminosity relation of quasars from Gaussian copula
• Review on the minimally extended varying speed of light model
• Initial Energy of a Spatially Flat Universe -- a Hint of its Possible Origin
• Unveiling the Universe with Emerging Cosmological Probes
• Constraints on Spatial Curvature and Dark Energy Dynamics in the $w$CDM Model from DESI DR1 and DR2
• Constraints on the minimally extended varying speed of light model using the Pantheon+ dataset
• Cosmic curvature on large-scale structures with homogeneous dark energy
• High precision measurement of cosmic curvature: from gravitational waves and cosmic chronometer
• Observational Constraints on Chaplygin Gas Models in Non-Minimally Coupled Power Law $f(Q)$ Gravity with Quasars