Physical Implications of the Sub-threshold GRB GBM-190816 and its Associated Sub-threshold Gravitational Wave Event

Abstract

The LIGO-Virgo and Fermi collaborations recently reported a possible joint detection of a sub-threshold gravitational wave (GW) event and a sub-threshold gamma-ray burst (GRB), GBM-190816, that occurred 1.57 s after the merger. We perform an independent analysis of the publicly available data and investigate the physical implications of this potential association. By carefully studying the following properties of GBM-190816 using Fermi/GBM data, including signal-to-noise ratio, duration, f-parameter, spectral properties, energetic properties, and its compliance with some GRB statistical correlations, we confirm that this event is likely a typical short GRB. Assuming its association with the sub-threshold GW event, the inferred luminosity is $1.47_{-1.04}^{+3.40}\times 10^{49}$ erg s${}^{-1}$. Based on the available information of the sub-threshold GW event, we infer the mass ratio q of the compact binary as $q=2.26_{-1.43}^{+2.75}$ according to the reported range of luminosity distance. If the heavier compact object has a mass > 3 solar masses, q can be further constrained to $q=2.26_{-0.12}^{+2.75}$. The leading physical scenario invokes an NS-BH merger system with the NS tidally disrupted. Within this scenario, we constrain the physical properties of such a system to produce a GRB. The GW data may also allow an NS-BH system with no tidal disruption of the NS or a BH-BH merger. We apply the charged compact binary coalescence (cCBC) theory (for both a constant charge and an increasing charge for the merging members) to derive the model parameters to account for GBM-190816 and found that the required parameters are extreme. Finally, we argue that the fact that the observed GW-GRB delay time scale is comparable to that of GW170817/GRB 170817A suggests that the GW-GRB time delay of these two cases is mainly defined by the time scale for the jet to propagate to the GRB emission site.

arXiv comment23 pages, 12 figures. Accepted by ApJ

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• GRB 210121A: A Typical Fireball Burst Detected by Two Small Missions
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