How Compressed Hydrides Produce Room Temperature Superconductivity

Abstract

The 2014-2015 prediction, discovery, and confirmation of record high temperature superconductivity above 200K in H${}_3$S, followed by the 2018 extension to superconductivity in the 250-280K range in lanthanum hydride, marks a new era in the longstanding quest for room temperature superconductivity: quest achieved, at the cost of supplying 1.5-2 megabars of pressure. Predictions of numerous high temperature superconducting metal hydrides $X{H}_n$ ($X$=metal) have appeared, but are providing limited understanding of what drives the high transition temperature T${}_c$, or what limits T${}_c$. We apply an opportunistic atomic decomposition of the coupling function to show, first, that the $X$ atom provides coupling strength as commonly calculated, but is it irrelevant for superconductivity; in fact, it is important for analysis that its contribution is neglected. Five $X$H${}_n$ compounds, predicted to have T${}_c$ in the 150-300K range, are analyzed consistently for their relevant properties, revealing some aspects that confront conventional wisdom. A phonon frequency -- critical temperature (${\omega }_2$-T${}_c$) phase diagram is obtained that reveals a common phase instability limiting T${}_c$ at the {\it low pressure} range of each compound. The hydrogen scattering strength is identified and found to differ strongly over the hydrides. A quantity directly proportional to T${}_c$ in these hydrides is identified.

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