Ionic-liquid-gating induced protonation and superconductivity in FeSe, FeSe0.93S0.07, ZrNCl, 1T-TaS2, and Bi2Se3

Abstract

We report protonation in several compounds by an ionic-liquid-gating method, with optimized gating conditions. This leads to single superconducting phases for several compounds. Non-volatility of protons allow post-gating magnetization and transport measurements. The superconducting transition temperature $T_C$ is enhanced to 43.5~K for FeSe${}_{0.93}$S${}_{0.07}$, and 41~K for FeSe after protonation. Superconductivity with $T_c$$\approx$15~K for ZrNCl, $\approx$7.2~K for 1$T$-TaS${}_2$, and $\approx$3.8~K for Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ are induced after protonation. Electric transport in protonated FeSe${}_{0.93}$S${}_{0.07}$ confirms high-temperature superconductivity. Our ${}^1$H NMR measurements on protonated FeSe${}_{1-x}$S${}_x$ reveal enhanced spin-lattice relaxation rate $1{/}^1{T}_1$ with increasing $x$, which is consistent with LDA calculations that H${}^{+}$ are located in the interstitial sites close to the anions.

4 pages, 7 figures

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• Molecular intercalation in the van der Waals antiferromagnets FePS3 and NiPS3
• Ionic gating in metallic superconductors: A brief review
• Significant enhancement of critical current density in H+-intercalated FeSe single crystal
• Superconductivity at 44.4 K achieved by intercalating EMIM+ into FeSe
• Hydrogen in superconductors
• A revisit of superconductivity in 4$H_b$-TaS${}_{2-2x}$Se${}_{2x}$ single crystals
• Anomalous metallic phase in molybdenum disulphide induced via gate-driven organic ion intercalation
• Reversible Tuning of Superconductivity in Ion-Gated NbN Ultrathin Films by Self-Encapsulation with a High-$\kappa$ Dielectric Layer
• Facile synthesis of palladium hydride via ionic gate-driven protonation using a deep eutectic solvent
• Band structure of organic-ion-intercalated (EMIM)${}_x$FeSe superconductor