The statistical physics of Cities

Abstract

Challenges due to the rapid urbanization of the world -- especially in emerging countries -- range from an increasing dependence on energy, to air pollution, socio-spatial inequalities, environmental and sustainability issues. Modelling the structure and evolution of cities is therefore critical because policy makers need robust theories and new paradigms for mitigating these problems. Fortunately, the increased data available about urban systems opens the possibility of constructing a quantitative 'science of cities', with the aim of identifying and modelling essential phenomena. Statistical physics plays a major role in this effort by bringing tools and concepts able to bridge theory and empirical results. This article illustrates this point by focusing on fundamental objects in cities: the distribution of the urban population; segregation phenomena and spin-like models; the polycentric transition of the activity organization; energy considerations about mobility and models inspired by gravity and radiation concepts; CO2 emitted by transport; and finally, scaling that describes how various socio-economical and infrastructures evolve when cities grow.

Review article for Nature Reviews Physics

References in corpus (7)

• Statistical physics of social dynamics
• Laws of Population Growth
• Scaling: Lost in the smog
• Statistical physics of the Schelling model of segregation
• The hypothesis of urban scaling: formalization, implications and challenges
• Elementary processes governing the evolution of road networks
• Anatomy and efficiency of urban multimodal mobility

Cited by in corpus (5)

• The Right Tools for the Job: The Case for Spatial Science Tool-Building
• Cross-sectional Urban Scaling Fails in Predicting Temporal Growth of Cities
• Deconstructing laws of accessibility and facility distribution in cities
• Intriguing effects of underlying star topology in Schelling's model with blocks
• Predicting Urban Innovation from the Workforce Mobility Network in US