Skyrmion solids in monolayer graphene

Abstract

Partially filled Landau levels host competing orders, with electron solids prevailing close to integer fillings before giving way to fractional quantum Hall liquids as the Landau level fills. Here, we report the observation of an electron solid with noncolinear spin texture in monolayer graphene, consistent with solidification of skyrmions---topological spin textures characterized by quantized electrical charge. In electrical transport, electron solids reveal themselves through a rapid metal-insulator transition in the bulk electrical conductivity as the temperature is lowered, accompanied by the emergence of strongly nonlinear dependence on the applied bias voltage. We probe the spin texture of the solids using a modified Corbino geometry that allows ferromagnetic magnons to be launched and detected. We find that magnon transport is highly efficient when one Landau level is filled ($\nu =1$), consistent with quantum Hall ferromagnetic spin polarization; however, even minimal doping immediately quenches the the magnon signal while leaving the vanishing low-temperature charge conductivity unchanged. Our results can be understood by the formation of a solid of charged skyrmions near $\nu =1$, whose noncolinear spin texture leads to rapid magnon decay. Data near fractional fillings further shows evidence for several fractional skyrmion crystals, suggesting that graphene hosts a vast and highly tunable landscape of coupled spin and charge orders.

References in corpus (23)

• Evidence of Skyrmion excitations about $\nu =1$ in n-Modulation Doped Single Quantum Wells by Inter-band Optical Transmission
• Skyrme Crystal In A Two-Dimensional Electron Gas
• Phase diagram for the $\nu =0$ quantum Hall state in monolayer graphene
• Collective Excitations, NMR, and Phase Transitions in Skyrme Crystals
• Giant Low Temperature Heat Capacity of GaAs Quantum Wells near Landau Level Filling $\nu$=1
• High quality magnetotransport in graphene using the edge-free Corbino geometry
• Long-Distance Spin Transport Through a Graphene Quantum Hall Antiferromagnet
• Electrical generation and detection of spin waves in a quantum Hall ferromagnet
• Evidence for Skyrmion crystallization from NMR relaxation experiments
• Quantitative transport measurements of fractional quantum Hall energy gaps in edgeless graphene devices
• Competing Fractional Quantum Hall and Electron Solid Phases in Graphene
• Critical Behavior of Nuclear-Spin Diffusion in GaAs/AlGaAs Heterostructures near Landau Level Filling ν=1
• Observation of pinning mode in Wigner solid of 1/3 fractional quantum Hall excitations
• Heat Capacity Evidence for the Suppression of Skyrmions at Large Zeeman Energy
• Resistively-Detected NMR in a Two-Dimensional Electron System near $\nu =1$: Clues to the Origin of the Dispersive Lineshape
• Disorder and interactions in quantum Hall ferromagnets near $\nu =1$
• Observation of reentrant quantum Hall states in the lowest Landau level
• Magnons and skyrmions in fractional Hall ferromagnets
• Pinning mode resonance of a Skyrme crystal near Landau level filling factor $\nu$=1
• Static and Dynamic Properties of Type-II Composite Fermion Wigner Crystals
• NMR Study of Large Skyrmions in Al_{0.13}Ga_{0.87}As Quantum Wells
• Disorder-induced stabilization of the quantum Hall ferromagnet
• Spin-ordering and magnon collective modes for two-dimensional electron lattices in strong magnetic fields

Cited by in corpus (41)

• Statics and Dynamics of Skyrmions Interacting with Pinning: A Review
• Visualizing Broken Symmetry and Topological Defects in a Quantum Hall Ferromagnet
• Symmetry breaking and skyrmionic transport in twisted bilayer graphene
• Roadmap for Photonics with 2D Materials
• Andreev reflection in the fractional quantum Hall state
• Experimental determination of the energy per particle in partially filled Landau levels
• Twistronics in graphene-based van der Waals structures
• Strong-Magnetic-Field Magnon Transport in Monolayer Graphene
• Gapless Spin Wave Transport through a Quantum Canted-Antiferromagnet
• Emergent magnetic texture in driven twisted bilayer graphene
• Current Driven Magnetization Reversal in Orbital Chern Insulators
• SU(4) spin waves in the $\nu =\pm 1$ quantum Hall ferromagnet in graphene
• Thermodynamics of free and bound magnons in graphene
• Competition between fractional quantum Hall liquid and Wigner solid at small fillings: Role of layer thickness and Landau level mixing
• Global phase diagram of charge neutral graphene in the quantum Hall regime for generic interactions
• Topological magnetic textures in magnetic topological insulators
• Theory of Competing Charge Density Wave, Kekule and Antiferromagnetic ordered Fractional Quantum Hall states in Graphene aligned with Boron Nitride
• Scattering of magnons at graphene quantum-Hall-magnet junctions
• Structural transition of skyrmion quasiparticles under compression
• A Highly Correlated Topological Bubble Phase of Composite Fermions
• Particle-Hole Symmetry and the Reentrant Integer Quantum Hall Wigner Solid
• Magnetotransport patterns of collective localization near $\nu =1$ in a high-mobility two-dimensional electron gas
• Riemann meets Goldstone: magnon scattering off quantum Hall skyrmion crystals probes interplay of symmetry breaking and topology
• A magnetically-induced Coulomb gap in graphene due to electron-electron interactions
• Magnetic and Lattice Ordered Fractional Quantum Hall Phases in Graphene
• Competing Laughlin state and Wigner crystal in bilayer graphene
• Electrical noise spectroscopy of magnons in a quantum Hall ferromagnet
• Spin and valley ordering of fractional quantum Hall states in monolayer graphene
• Chiral Stoner magnetism in Dirac bands
• Thermal Activation Signatures of the Anderson Insulator and the Wigner Solid forming near $\nu =1$
• Tuning Spin Transport in a Graphene Antiferromagnetic Insulator
• Density Dependence of the Phases of the $\nu =1$ Integer Quantum Hall Plateau in Low Disorder Electron Gases
• Crystallization of the transdimensional electron liquid
• Unveiling excitonic properties of magnons in a quantum Hall ferromagnet
• Interaction-driven quantum phase transitions between topological and crystalline orders of electrons
• Entanglement smectic and stripe order
• Magnon transmission across $\nu =1|-1|1$ mono-layer graphene junction as a probe of electronic structure
• Microwave Imaging of Edge Conductivity in Graphene at Charge Neutrality and Quantum Hall States
• Topological Electrostatics
• Magnon scattering and transduction in Coulomb-coupled quantum Hall ferromagnets
• Quantum melting a Wigner crystal into Hall liquids