Timing Argument take on the Milky Way and Andromeda past-encounter

Abstract

The two-body problem of $M31$ and the Milky Way (MW) galaxies with a Cosmological Constant background is studied, with emphasis on the possibility that they experienced Past Encounter (PE). PE are possible only for non-zero transverse velocity and their viability is subject to observations of the imprints of such near collisions. By implementing the Timing Argument (TA) for two isolated point bodies, it is shown that if $M31$ and the MW have had PE, then the predicted mass of the Local Group (LG) should be twice larger. Since the predicted mass is too large, the MW and $M31$ galaxies should have collided at $\sim 8Gys$. Therefore, the TA analysis show that PE is not possible for the Local Group (LG) system.

Final version

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• From galactic bars to the Hubble tension: weighing up the astrophysical evidence for Milgromian gravity
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• Constraining Dark Energy from Local Group dynamics
• Local Group timing argument and virial theorem mass estimators from cosmological simulations
• Sizing from the Smallest Scales: The Mass of the Milky Way
• Testing non-local gravity through Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies kinematics
• The Milky Way and M31 Orbital History: Did the Local Group evolve in isolation?