Closed-cycle, low-vibration 4 K cryostat for ion traps and other applications

Abstract

In-vacuo cryogenic environments are ideal for applications requiring both low temperatures and extremely low particle densities. This enables reaching long storage and coherence times for example in ion traps, essential requirements for experiments with highly charged ions, quantum computation, and optical clocks. We have developed a novel cryostat continuously refrigerated with a pulse-tube cryocooler and providing the lowest vibration level reported for such a closed-cycle system with 1 W cooling power for a <5 K experiment. A decoupling system suppresses vibrations from the cryocooler by three orders of magnitude down to a level of 10 nm peak amplitudes in the horizontal plane. Heat loads of about 40 W (at 45 K) and 1 W (at 4 K) are transferred from an experimental chamber, mounted on an optical table, to the cryocooler through a vacuum-insulated massive 120 kg inertial copper pendulum. The 1.4 m long pendulum allows installation of the cryocooler in a separate, acoustically isolated machine room. In the laser laboratory, we measured the residual vibrations using an interferometric setup. The positioning of the 4 K elements is reproduced to better than a few micrometer after a full thermal cycle to room temperature. Extreme high vacuum on the $10^{-15}$ mbar level is achieved. In collaboration with the Max-Planck-Intitut für Kernphysik (MPIK), such a setup is now in operation at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) for a next-generation optical clock experiment using highly charged ions.

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• A cryogenic radio-frequency ion trap for quantum logic spectroscopy of highly charged ions
• Optical clocks based on the Cf${}^{15+}$ and Cf${}^{17+}$ ions
• Ultra-low vibration closed-cycle cryogenic surface-electrode ion trap apparatus
• Algorithmic Ground-state Cooling of Weakly-Coupled Oscillators using Quantum Logic
• An ultra-stable cryogenic sapphire cavity laser with an instability of $1.9\times 10^{-16}$ based on a low vibration level cryostat
• Investigations on Dynamical Stability in 3D Quadrupole Ion Traps
• A room-temperature ion trapping apparatus with hydrogen partial pressure below $10^{-11}$ mBar
• An ultralow-noise superconducting radio-frequency ion trap for frequency metrology with highly charged ions
• BASE-STEP: A transportable antiproton reservoir for fundamental interaction studies
• Excited-state magnetic properties of carbon-like ${\text{Ca}}^{14+}$
• Tunable electronic structure and stoichiometry dependent disorder in Nanostructured VO${}_x$ films
• A cryogenic magneto-optical device for long wavelength radiation
• A scanning quantum cryogenic atom microscope at 6 K
• An Economical and Efficient Helium Recovery System for Vibration-Sensitive Applications
• A cryogenic Paul trap for probing the nuclear isomeric excited state ${}^{229\text{m}}$Th${}^{3+}$
• Operation of a Continuous Flow Liquid Helium Magnetic Microscopy Cryostat as a Closed Cycle System
• Coulomb crystallization of xenon highly charged ions in a laser-cooled Ca+ matrix
• Limits to the sensitivity of a rare-earth-enabled cryogenic vibration sensor