Pseudo-Euler equations from nonlinear optics: plasmon-assisted photodetection beyond hydrodynamics

Abstract

A great deal of theoretical and experimental efforts have been devoted in the last decades to the study of long-wavelength photodetection mechanisms in field-effect transistors hosting two-dimensional (2D) electron systems. A particularly interesting subclass of these mechanisms is intrinsic and based on the conversion of the incoming electromagnetic radiation into plasmons, which resonantly enhance the photoresponse, and subsequent rectification via hydrodynamic nonlinearities. In this Article we show that such conversion and subsequent rectification occur well beyond the frequency regime in which hydrodynamic theory applies. We consider the nonlinear optical response of generic 2D electron systems and derive pseudo-Euler equations of motion for suitable collective variables. These are solved in one- and two-dimensional geometries for the case of graphene and the results are compared with those of hydrodynamic theory. Significant qualitative differences are found, which are amenable to experimental studies. Our theory expands the knowledge of the fundamental physics behind long-wavelength photodetection.

arXiv comment15 pages, 4 figures

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• Graphene as a source of entangled plasmons
• Optimal asymmetry of transistor-based terahertz detectors
• Dominant Role of Two-Photon Vertex in Nonlinear Response of Dirac Materials
• A place for two-dimensional plasmonics in electromagnetic wave detection
• Interlayer electron-hole friction in tunable twisted bilayer graphene semimetal
• High-mobility compensated semimetals, orbital magnetization, and umklapp scattering in bilayer graphene moire superlattices
• Terahertz Radiation from the Dyakonov-Shur Instability of Hydrodynamic Electrons in a Corbino Geometry
• Dipole excitation of collective modes in viscous two-dimensional electron systems
• Quasiclassical nonlinear plasmon resonance in graphene
• Nonlinear thermoelectric probes of anomalous electron lifetimes in topological Fermi liquids
• Singularity-enhanced terahertz detection in high-mobility field-effect transistors
• Eccentric Corbino FET in magnetic field: a highly tunable photodetector
• Light-induced Nonlinear Spin Hall Current in Single-layer WTe${}_2$
• Plasmonic drag photocurrent in graphene at extreme nonlocality