An operational approach to quantum stochastic thermodynamics

Abstract

We set up a framework for quantum stochastic thermodynamics based solely on experimentally controllable, but otherwise arbitrary interventions at discrete times. Using standard assumptions about the system-bath dynamics and insights from the repeated interaction framework, we define internal energy, heat, work and entropy at the trajectory level. The validity of the first law (at the trajectory level) and the second law (on average) is established. The theory naturally allows to treat incomplete information and it is able to smoothly interpolate between a trajectory based and ensemble level description. We use our theory to compute the thermodynamic efficiency of recent experiments reporting on the stabilization of photon number states using real-time quantum feedback control. Special attention is also payed to limiting cases of our general theory, where we recover or contrast it with previous results. We point out various interesting problems, which the theory is able to address rigorously, such as the detection of quantum effects in thermodynamics.

Post-final version with Eq. (28) corrected compared to the published version

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• When is a non-Markovian quantum process classical?
• Quantum work statistics close to equilibrium
• Work as an external quantum observable and an operational quantum work fluctuation theorem
• Measurement-based quantum heat engine in a multilevel system
• Maxwell's lesser demon: a quantum engine driven by pointer measurements
• Measurability of nonequilibrium thermodynamics in terms of the Hamiltonian of mean force
• Resource theories of multi-time processes: A window into quantum non-Markovianity
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• Probabilistically Violating the First Law of Thermodynamics in a Quantum Heat Engine
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• Informational steady-states and conditional entropy production in continuously monitored systems
• Stochastic thermodynamics with arbitrary interventions
• Quantum Fluctuation Theorem under Continuous Measurement and Feedback
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• Stochastic collisional quantum thermometry
• Relaxation of Multitime Statistics in Quantum Systems
• Thermodynamics of a continuously monitored double quantum dot heat engine in the repeated interactions framework
• Entropy production and fluctuation theorems in a continuously monitored optical cavity at zero temperature
• Reassessing thermodynamic advantage from indefinite causal order
• Equilibration of Multitime Quantum Processes in Finite Time Intervals
• Bath-induced interactions and transient dynamics in open quantum systems at strong coupling: Effective Hamiltonian approach
• Memory Effects in Quantum Processes
• Universal validity of the second law of information thermodynamics
• Multiple entropy production for multitime quantum processes
• Informational steady-states and conditional entropy production in continuously monitored systems: the case of Gaussian systems
• Path integral approach to the calculation of the characteristic function of work
• Experimentally probing entropy reduction via iterative quantum information transfer
• Self-consistency of the two-point energy measurement protocol
• First Law of Quantum Thermodynamics in a Driven Open Two-Level System
• Classicality of the heat produced by quantum measurements
• Queued quantum collision models
• Heat transport in overdamped quantum systems
• Typical Positivity of Nonequilibrium Entropy Production for Pure States
• On the energetic analysis of autonomous quantum systems
• Equilibration and Typicality in Quantum Processes
• Quantum thermodynamics under continuous monitoring: a general framework