High-mass outflows identified from COHRS CO\,(3 - 2) Survey

Abstract

An unbiased search of molecular outflows within the region of the COHRS survey has identified 157 high-mass outflows from a sample of 770 ATLASGAL clumps with a detection rate of 20\%. The detection rate of outflows increases for clumps with higher M${}_{clump}$, L${}_{bol}$, L${}_{bol}$/M${}_{clump}$, N${}_{H_2}$, and T${}_{dust}$ compared to the clumps with no outflow. The detection rates of the outflow increases from protostellar (8\%) to YSO clump (17\%) and to MSF clump (29\%). The detection rate 26\% for quiescent clump is preliminary, because the sample of quiescent clumps is small. A statistical relation between the outflow and clump masses for our sample is $\log (M_{out}/M_{⨀})=(-1.1\pm 0.21)+(0.9\pm 0.07)\log (M_{clump}/M_{⨀})$. The detection rate of outflows and the outflow mass-loss rate show an increase with increasing M${}_{clump}$, L${}_{bol}$, N${}_{H_2}$, and T${}_{dust}$, which indicates that clumps with outflow with higher parameter values are at a more advanced evolutionary stage. The outflow mechanical force increases with increasing bolometric luminosities. No clear evidence has yet been found that higher mass outflows have different launching conditions than low-mass outflows.

16 pages, 20 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

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• Evidence for protostellar jets as a population of hadronic gamma-ray sources
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