Quantum Zeno Effect and the Many-body Entanglement Transition

Abstract

We introduce and explore a one-dimensional "hybrid" quantum circuit model consisting of both unitary gates and projective measurements. While the unitary gates are drawn from a random distribution and act uniformly in the circuit, the measurements are made at random positions and times throughout the system. By varying the measurement rate we can tune between the volume law entangled phase for the random unitary circuit model (no measurements) and a "quantum Zeno phase" where strong measurements suppress the entanglement growth to saturate in an area-law. Extensive numerical simulations of the quantum trajectories of the many-particle wavefunctions (exploiting Clifford circuitry to access systems up to 512 qubits) provide evidence for a stable "weak measurement phase" that exhibits volume-law entanglement entropy, with a coefficient decreasing with increasing measurement rate. We also present evidence for a novel continuous quantum dynamical phase transition between the "weak measurement phase" and the "quantum Zeno phase", driven by a competition between the entangling tendencies of unitary evolution and the disentangling tendencies of projective measurements. Detailed steady-state and dynamic critical properties of this novel quantum entanglement transition are accessed.

arXiv comment10 pages, 6 figures. Updated references & minor changes

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• Complex entanglement entropy for complex conformal field theory
• Boundary transitions from a single round of measurements on gapless quantum states
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• Breakdown of Measurement-Induced Phase Transitions Under Information Loss
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• Entanglement phase transitions in non-Hermitian Kitaev chains
• Statistical Mechanics of Stochastic Quantum Control: $d$-adic Rényi Circuits
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• Observable-projected ensembles
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• Robust Oscillations and Edge Modes in Nonunitary Floquet Systems
• Learning quantum phases via single-qubit disentanglement
• Bulk and boundary entanglement transitions in the projective gauge-Higgs model
• Charge and Spin Sharpening Transitions on Dynamical Quantum Trees
• Controlling measurement-induced phase transitions with tunable detector coupling
• Measurement-induced phase transitions in systems with diffusive dynamics
• Multifractality in monitored single-particle dynamics
• Semiclassical Quantum Trajectories in the Monitored Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick Model
• Localization induced by spatially uncorrelated subohmic baths in one dimension
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• Emergent unitary designs for encoded qubits from coherent errors and syndrome measurements
• Phase transitions induced by standard and predetermined measurements in transmon arrays
• Subsystem symmetry, spin glass order, and criticality from random measurements in a two-dimensional Bacon-Shor circuit
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• Topology and Spectrum in Measurement-Induced Phase Transitions
• Non-unitarity maximizing unraveling of open quantum dynamics
• Entanglement transitions from restricted Boltzmann machines
• Local Information Flow in Quantum Quench Dynamics
• Measurement-only dynamical phase transition of topological and boundary order in toric code and gauge-Higgs models
• Hardness of observing strong-to-weak symmetry breaking
• Probing prethermal nonergodicity through measurement outcomes of monitored quantum dynamics
• Measurement-induced phase transitions for free fermions in a quasiperiodic potential
• Variational post-selection for ground states and thermal states simulation
• Trajectory phase transitions in non-interacting systems: all-to-all dynamics and the random energy model
• Absorbing State Phase Transition with Clifford Circuits
• Entanglement transitions in the quantum Ising chain: A comparison between different unravelings of the same Lindbladian
• Purification Dynamics in a Continuous-time Hybrid Quantum Circuit Model
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• Effect of the readout efficiency of quantum measurement on the system entanglement
• Transport and integrability-breaking in non-Hermitian many-body quantum systems
• Hierarchy of emergent cluster states by measurement from symmetry-protected-topological states with large symmetry to subsystem cat state
• Chaos controlled and disorder driven phase transitions induced by breaking permutation symmetry
• Exact spectral gaps of random one-dimensional quantum circuits
• Concomitant Entanglement and Control Criticality Driven by Collective Measurements
• Reaction-diffusion dynamics in a Fibonacci chain: Interplay between classical and quantum behavior
• Universal time evolution of string order parameter in quantum critical systems with boundary invertible or non-invertible symmetry breaking
• Random Quantum Circuits with Time-Reversal Symmetry
• Solvable Quantum Circuits in Tree+1 Dimensions
• Quantum trajectories for the variational description of closed systems: a case study with Gaussian states
• Monitored Fluctuating Hydrodynamics
• Non-Hermitian Multipole Skin Effects Challenge Localization
• Rise and fall of nonstabilizerness via random measurements
• Mesoscopic Fluctuations and Multifractality at and across Measurement-Induced Phase Transition
• Entanglement dynamics of monitored noninteracting fermions on graphics processing units
• Quench dynamics of entanglement entropy under projective charge measurements: the free fermion case
• Measurement-Driven Transitions between Area Law Phases
• Origin and Limit of the Recovery of Damaged Information by Time Reversal
• Exact, Average, and Broken Symmetries in a Simple Adaptive Monitored Circuit
• Observable Measurement-Induced Transitions
• Measurement-invisible quantum correlations in scrambling dynamics
• Spectral Statistics of Non-Hermitian Matrices and Dissipative Quantum Chaos
• Universality classes for purification in nonunitary quantum processes
• Noise resilience in adaptive and symmetric monitored quantum circuits
• Quantum Darwinism-encoding transitions on expanding trees
• Spectral chaos bounds from scaling theory of maximally efficient quantum-dynamical scrambling
• Quantum Entanglement Phase Transitions and Computational Complexity: Insights from Ising Models
• Absorption to Fluctuating Bunching States in Non-Unitary Boson Dynamics
• Enhanced localization in the prethermal regime of continuously measured many-body localized systems
• Entanglement behavior and localization properties in monitored fermion systems
• Relaxation Critical Dynamics in Measurement-induced Phase Transitions
• Elusive phase transition in the replica limit of monitored systems
• Local Non-Hermitian Hamiltonian Formalism for Dissipative Fermionic Systems and Loss-Induced Population Increase in Fermi Superfluids
• Phase Diagram of the Dynamics of a Precessing Qubit under Quantum Measurement
• Emergent deterministic entanglement dynamics in monitored infinite-range bosonic systems
• Free-Fermion Dynamics with Measurements: Topological Classification and Adaptive Preparation of Topological States
• Dissipation-Induced Steady States in Topological Superconductors: Mechanisms and Design Principles
• Entanglement phases and phase transitions in monitored free fermion system due to localizations
• Long-range multipartite entanglement near measurement-induced transitions
• Motion from Measurement: The Role of Symmetry of Quantum Measurements
• Quantum dynamics of monitored free fermions: Evolution of quantum correlations and scaling at measurement-induced phase transition
• Multipartite Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger Entanglement in Monitored Random Clifford Circuits
• Wehrl Entropy and Entanglement Complexity of Quantum Spin Systems
• Instability of the engineered dark state in two-band fermions under number-conserving dissipative dynamics
• Identifying Entanglement Phases with Bipartite Projected Ensembles
• Quantum-limited generalized measurement for tunnel-coupled condensates
• Mixed-state learnability transitions in monitored noisy quantum dynamics
• Phase transitions in (2 + 1)D subsystem-symmetric monitored quantum circuits
• Localization of information driven by stochastic resetting
• Competing automorphisms and disordered Floquet codes
• Plaquette Models, Cellular Automata, and Measurement-induced Criticality
• Coherence-induced deep thermalization transition in random permutation quantum dynamics
• Post-measurement Quantum Monte Carlo
• Stabilization of symmetry-protected long-range entanglement in stochastic quantum circuits
• Universal Aspects of High-Temperature Relaxation Dynamics in Random Spin Models
• Multipartite entanglement structures in quantum stabilizer states
• Deterministic quantum trajectory via imaginary time evolution
• Quantum conditional mutual information as a probe of measurement-induced entanglement phase transitions
• Transitions of the Lyapunov spectrum and entanglement entropy in monitored quantum dynamics with homogeneous unitary gates
• Homomorphism, substructure, and ideal: Elementary but rigorous aspects of renormalization group or hierarchical structure of topological orders
• Fractal structure of multipartite entanglement in monitored quantum circuits
• Measurement-induced criticality in extended and long-range unitary circuits
• Symmetry and Topology of Monitored Quantum Dynamics
• Stacked quantum Ising systems and quantum Ashkin-Teller model
• Exact solution to a Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook-type equation for quantum lattice gases with dephasing noise
• Computable measures of non-Markovianity for Gaussian free fermion systems
• Recent progress on disorder-induced topological phases
• Symmetric tensor scars with tunable entanglement from volume to area law
• Universality in Non-Equilibrium Quantum Systems
• Field theory of charge sharpening in symmetric monitored quantum circuits
• Neural network enhanced cross entropy benchmark for monitored circuits
• Symmetry Properties of Quantum Dynamical Entropy
• Emergent quantum state designs and biunitarity in dual-unitary circuit dynamics
• Measurement-Induced Entanglement in Conformal Field Theory
• Entanglement transition in unitary system-bath dynamics
• Diagnosing chaos with projected ensembles of process tensors
• Noisy Monitored Quantum Circuits
• Controlled Zeno-Induced Localization of Free Fermions in a Quasiperiodic Chain
• Non-commutative Index of Measurement-only Entanglement Phase Transition
• Destruction and recovery of the entanglement entropy of a many-body quantum system after a single measurement
• Control-driven critical fluctuations across quantum trajectories
• Robustness of a state with Ising topological order against local projective measurements
• Nonunitary gates using measurements only
• Finite-size scalings in measurement-induced dynamical phase transition
• Phase Transition of Topological Index driven by Dephasing
• Computational Complexity and Simulability of Non-Hermitian Quantum Dynamics
• Roughening Transition in Quantum Circuits
• Tri-unitary quantum circuits
• An almost deterministic cooling by measurements
• Measurement-and Feedback-Driven Non-Equilibrium Phase Transitions on a Quantum Processor
• Free-Fermion Measurement-Induced Volume- to Area-Law Entanglement Transition in the Presence of Fermion Interactions
• Entanglement Growth from Entangled States: A Unified Perspective on Entanglement Generation and Transport
• Non-Markovianity Benefits Quantum Dynamics Simulation
• Replica Keldysh field theory of quantum-jump processes: General formalism and application to imbalanced and inefficient fermion counting
• Frustration-Free Control and Absorbing-State Transport in Entangled State Preparation
• Entanglement Phase Transition in Chaotic non-Hermitian Systems
• Entanglement entropy scaling laws from fluctuations of non-conserved quantities
• Engineering entanglement geometry via spacetime-modulated measurements
• Moments of Quantum Channel Ensembles
• Disappearance of measurement-induced phase transition in a quantum spin system for large sizes
• Entropy and singular-value moments of products of truncated random unitary matrices
• Phase Transitions in the Classical Simulability of Open Quantum Systems