de Sitter Swampland, $H_0$ tension & observation

Abstract

Realising de Sitter vacua in string theory is challenging. For this reason it has been conjectured that de Sitter vacua inhabit the Swampland of inconsistent low-energy effective theories coupled to gravity. Since de Sitter is an attractor for $\Lambda$CDM, the conjecture calls $\Lambda$CDM into question. Reality appears sympathetic to this idea as local measurements of the Hubble constant $H_0$ are also at odds with $\Lambda$CDM analysis of Planck data. This tension suggests that the de Sitter state is unstable, thereby implying a turning point in the Hubble parameter. We present a model relieving this tension, which predicts a turning at small positive redshift $z_{\ast }$ that is dictated by present-day matter density ${\omega }_m$. This feature is easily identified by homogeneous surveys covering redshifts $z\le 0.1$. We comment on the implications for the Swampland program.

v1 4 pages, comments welcome; v2 replacing mistakenly uploaded unfinished version; v3 arguments revised; v4; v5 matches published version, further changes outcome of the review process

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