Progress and perspectives on composite laser-pulses spectroscopy for high-accuracy optical clocks

Abstract

Probing an atomic resonance without disturbing it is an ubiquitous issue in physics. This problem is critical in high-accuracy spectroscopy or for the next generation of atomic optical clocks. Ultra-high resolution frequency metrology requires sophisticated interrogation schemes and robust protocols handling pulse length errors and residual frequency detuning offsets . This review reports recent progress and perspective in such schemes, using sequences of composite laser-pulses tailored in pulse duration, frequency and phase, inspired by NMR techniques and quantum information processing. After a short presentation of Rabi technique and NMR-like composite pulses allowing efficient compensation of electromagnetic field perturbations to achieve robust population transfers, composite laser-pulses are investigated within Ramsey's method of separated oscillating fields in order to generate non-linear compensation of probe-induced frequency shifts. Laser-pulses protocols such as Hyper-Ramsey (HR), Modified Hyper-Ramsey (MHR), Generalized Hyper-Ramsey (GHR) and hybrid schemes are reviewed. These techniques provide excellent protection against both probe induced light-shift perturbations and laser intensity variations. More sophisticated schemes generating synthetic frequency-shifts are presented. They allow to reduce or completely eliminate imperfect correction of probe-induced frequency-shifts even in presence of decoherence due to the laser line-width. Finally, two universal protocols are presented which provide complete elimination of probe-induced frequency shifts in the general case where both decoherence and relaxation dissipation effects are present by using exact analytic expressions for phase-shifts and the clock frequency detuning. These techniques might be applied to atomic, molecular and nuclear frequency metrology, mass spectrometry as well as precision spectroscopy.

arXiv commentThis is the initial version 1.0 submitted to the review Report on Progress in Physics. The formally accepted version after revision by referees is only available online since 2018 June 04. Note that this version has been corrected , references have been added and some subsections have been extended (ABRS sub section and appendix)

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• Universal methods for suppressing the light shift in atomic clocks using power modulation
• Ramsey Spectroscopy with Displaced Frequency Jumps
• Ultrahigh-fidelity composite rotational quantum gates
• Advanced light-shift compensation protocol in a continuous-wave microcell atomic clock
• High-fidelity quantum control by polychromatic pulse trains
• Reduction of light shifts in Ramsey spectroscopy with a combined error signal
• Two-photon vibrational transitions in ${\mathrm{O}}_2^{+}$ as probes of variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio
• Narrowband and passband composite pulses for variable rotations
• Universal Composite Pulses for Efficient Population Inversion with an Arbitrary Excitation Profile
• Composite pulses with errant phases
• High-fidelity composite quantum gates for Raman qubits
• Generation of arbitrary qubit states by adiabatic evolution split by a phase jump
• Engineering quantum control with twisted-light fields induced optical transitions
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• Probe field ellipticity-induced shift in an atomic clock
• Generalized hyper-Ramsey resonance with spinors
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• Optical clock based on two-photon spectroscopy of the nuclear transition in ion ${}^{229}$Th in a monochromatic field
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• Cyclicity of interaction frame transformations
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• Spectroscopy of collective modes in a Bose-Einstein condensate: From single to double excitation periods